Lockheed Martin reports lower profits and cash flow in Q2 2025

Additive Manufacturing Transforms the Aviation Titanium Alloy Supply Chain The aviation sector has long relied on titanium alloys for their superior strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and capacity to endure extreme temperatures. As aircraft designs increasingly emphasize fuel efficiency and durability, titanium alloys—particularly Ti-6Al-4V—have become indispensable in airframes, engines, and other critical components. For instance, Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner incorporates approximately 15% titanium by weight, while military aircraft such as the F-22 Raptor depend heavily on titanium to enhance both stealth capabilities and overall performance. Traditional Supply Chain Challenges The aerospace-grade titanium alloy supply chain has traditionally been intricate and inefficient. It encompasses multiple stages, including mining, processing, forging, machining, and stringent quality assurance, often distributed across several continents. Machining titanium from forged billets is notably wasteful, with material loss frequently exceeding 80%, which inflates costs and prolongs production timelines. Any delay within this multifaceted process can disrupt aircraft manufacturing schedules, underscoring the critical need for supply chain optimization among aerospace original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Additive Manufacturing: A Disruptive Force Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is revolutionizing the titanium alloy supply chain by fundamentally altering production methods. By constructing parts layer by layer from titanium powder, AM circumvents many traditional subtractive manufacturing steps. This technique can reduce material waste by up to 90% and significantly accelerate production cycles. Components that previously required months to fabricate, such as complex brackets, can now be produced within days. This rapid turnaround is especially advantageous for low-volume, high-complexity aerospace parts that demand swift, customized solutions. Moreover, AM facilitates the creation of intricate geometries unattainable through conventional manufacturing. Technologies like powder bed fusion and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) enable the fabrication of hollow or lattice structures that maintain structural integrity while reducing weight—an essential factor in enhancing aircraft fuel efficiency. Challenges and Market Dynamics Despite its transformative potential, the adoption of additive manufacturing faces considerable obstacles. The upfront investment in advanced AM equipment is substantial, and integrating these technologies into established supply chains presents operational complexities. Additionally, there is an increasing demand for specialized workforce training to proficiently operate and maintain sophisticated AM systems. Market responses to these developments are already apparent. There is growing demand for innovative titanium alloys specifically engineered for additive manufacturing, providing early adopters with a competitive advantage. In turn, industry players are accelerating investments in AM capabilities, forging partnerships with advanced material suppliers, and developing proprietary technologies to strengthen their market positions. The Road Ahead As additive manufacturing technology continues to evolve, its influence on the aviation titanium alloy supply chain is poised to expand. While challenges persist, the potential benefits of reduced waste, expedited production, and enhanced design flexibility position AM as a pivotal force in aerospace manufacturing. Companies that effectively manage this transition are likely to secure significant gains in operational efficiency, innovation, and market competitiveness.

American Airlines Criticizes Delta’s AI Pricing While Increasing Solo Passenger Fees Delta’s AI Pricing Strategy Under Scrutiny Delta Air Lines has recently attracted criticism for its plans to expand the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in setting airfare, a move that has raised concerns among travelers, lawmakers, and consumer advocates. The airline’s collaboration with an Israeli AI startup, which promotes the potential for “hyper-personalization” in pricing, has sparked fears that personal data might be leveraged to charge certain passengers higher fares than others. Although Delta maintains that it does not use personal data to determine individualized prices, the initiative has nonetheless provoked negative reactions from both customers and industry competitors. In a recent investor call, American Airlines CEO Robert Isom took the opportunity to distance his company from Delta’s approach. He emphasized that American Airlines prioritizes consumer trust, stating, “This is not about bait and switch. This is not about tricking. And others that talk about using AI in that way, I don’t think it’s appropriate. And certainly, at American, it’s not something we will do.” Isom’s remarks come amid growing scrutiny from Washington policymakers and consumer groups, who are increasingly concerned that AI-driven dynamic pricing could undermine consumer confidence and result in unfair fare disparities. Industry Trends and American Airlines’ Contradictory Practices While American Airlines publicly condemns Delta’s AI pricing strategy, the broader airline industry has long sought to modernize the antiquated systems that govern airfare. The goal is to eventually offer more personalized pricing models, with Delta currently leading this technological shift. It is widely anticipated that other major carriers will adopt similar AI-driven pricing mechanisms as the technology evolves. At the same time, American Airlines has quietly expanded a controversial pricing practice targeting solo travelers. Earlier this year, it was revealed that the three largest U.S. airlines—American, Delta, and United—had begun charging significantly higher fares to passengers traveling alone compared to those booking in groups of two or more. This tactic, widely viewed as a means to target business travelers who often fly solo, faced swift backlash. Both Delta and United reversed their policies, but American not only maintained the practice—it has broadened its application. Initial investigations showed that American penalized solo travelers on up to 52% of its domestic routes, primarily affecting one-way flights. However, recent analysis by *The Economist* indicates that these higher fares for solo flyers have now extended to certain roundtrip domestic flights. For instance, a roundtrip flight from Charlotte (CLT) to Nashville (BNA) scheduled for next week costs $498 for a single traveler, while the same itinerary for two passengers results in a lower per-person fare. Implications for Consumers American Airlines’ public criticism of Delta’s AI-driven pricing contrasts sharply with its own continued use of pricing strategies that disadvantage solo travelers. As the airline industry advances toward more sophisticated and potentially less transparent pricing models, passengers may face increased costs regardless of their choice of carrier. This evolving landscape raises important questions about fairness and transparency in airfare pricing, as well as the broader impact of emerging technologies on consumer trust.

NPA Denies Aviation Fuel Shortage, Assures Stable Supply The National Petroleum Authority (NPA) has categorically denied recent reports suggesting a shortage of Aviation Turbine Kerosene (ATK) in Ghana. In a statement issued on July 24, the Authority reassured stakeholders that the country’s aviation fuel supply remains stable and sufficient to meet current demand, emphasizing the robustness of the supply chain. Infrastructure Repairs and Current Supply Status The NPA highlighted that critical infrastructure repairs have been completed to prevent any disruptions in the distribution of aviation fuel. Engineers from the Ghana Petroleum Mooring Systems (GPMS) have successfully replaced 600 metres of pipelines dedicated to ATK discharge, working tirelessly around the clock to restore full operational capacity. The Authority commended the engineering team for their dedication and swift response. At present, a vessel carrying 10,000 metric tonnes of ATK is actively discharging into national depots, with allocations of 6,000 metric tonnes to the Tema Oil Refinery (TOR), 1,500 metric tonnes to the Ridge Depot, and 4,500 metric tonnes to the PWSL depot. This supply is projected to last for approximately two weeks. Furthermore, two additional vessels are anchored and scheduled to offload their cargoes in the coming days, which will further bolster national reserves. The NPA also confirmed that tankers are currently loading at the Sahara Depot for delivery to the airport, underscoring the resilience and continuity of the supply chain. Challenges and Global Context While affirming the stability of the aviation fuel supply, the NPA acknowledged the broader challenges confronting the sector. These include the necessity to maintain a steady supply amid volatile global fuel prices, strict compliance with safety regulations, and the risk of operational disruptions. Recent international incidents, such as the downing of an Air India 787 and preliminary investigations prompting Boeing to conduct fuel switch inspections, have intensified global scrutiny on fuel reliability and safety protocols. These developments highlight the critical importance of securing a consistent and safe fuel supply, which is essential not only for uninterrupted operations but also for maintaining passenger confidence and meeting regulatory standards. Market analysts observe that reports of fuel shortages can provoke increased vigilance from aviation regulators and raise concerns among passengers. Competitors within the sector may also adjust their fuel sourcing and pricing strategies in response to perceived risks, potentially impacting market dynamics. Reaffirming Commitment to Energy Security In closing, the NPA urged the media and the public to disregard any claims of an aviation fuel shortage. The Authority reaffirmed its commitment to ensuring energy security and the continuous availability of petroleum products throughout Ghana. Describing the current situation as a “strong signal that the supply chain remains intact and resilient,” the NPA pledged to maintain ongoing efforts to guarantee the reliability and safety of aviation fuel supplies nationwide.

Airbus and Rolls-Royce Secure £5 Billion Contract to Supply Indian Airlines Airbus and Rolls-Royce have finalized a landmark £5 billion agreement to supply aircraft and engines to leading Indian airlines, marking a significant development under the recently enacted free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the United Kingdom. Announced on Thursday, the contract forms part of a wider initiative involving 26 British companies expanding their commercial presence in India. Strengthening India’s Aviation Sector and UK Manufacturing More than half of the Airbus aircraft destined for the Indian market will be equipped with Rolls-Royce engines, predominantly the advanced Trent XWB model. This collaboration is poised to support India’s rapidly expanding aviation industry by enhancing connectivity and facilitating the growth of its commercial aviation infrastructure. The deal also promises to sustain thousands of jobs across key UK manufacturing sites, including Filton, Broughton, and Derby, where Rolls-Royce maintains its headquarters. Despite the positive outlook, the aerospace sector faces ongoing challenges. Industry experts have pointed to persistent supply chain disruptions that may affect the timely delivery of aircraft and engines. Furthermore, the agreement is expected to intensify competition within the Indian market, with rivals such as Boeing preparing to increase their aircraft deliveries to Indian carriers. For instance, Akasa Air has announced plans to significantly expand its fleet with additional Boeing aircraft in the coming years. Broader Economic Impact and Industry Expansion Market responses to the deal have been varied. While some investors regard the contract as a strategic move to consolidate Airbus and Rolls-Royce’s foothold in one of the world’s fastest-growing aviation markets, others have raised concerns about the financial risks and operational complexities inherent in fulfilling such a large-scale order. The India-UK FTA aims to reduce or eliminate tariffs on goods and services, with the objective of boosting bilateral trade to $120 billion by 2030 and generating employment opportunities in both countries. The agreement is already catalyzing further investment. International Aerospace Manufacturing Private Limited (IAMPL), a joint venture between Rolls-Royce and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), is expanding its Hosur facility with a £30 million investment. Other British companies are also capitalizing on the improved trade relations. Carbon Clean, a provider of carbon capture technology, plans to invest £7.6 million in establishing a new office in Mumbai. Medical technology firm Occuity has secured a £74.3 million export contract with India’s Remidio Innovative Solutions, while specialty chemicals company Johnson Matthey has obtained contracts exceeding £20 million. Additionally, the Marcus Evans Group, a global business intelligence agency, intends to open a Mumbai office, supported by an export and investment pipeline valued at £69 million over five years. As Airbus and Rolls-Royce move forward with their commitments, this deal highlights both the opportunities and complexities of operating within a dynamic and competitive global aviation market.

American Airlines CEO Addresses Concerns Over AI-Based Pricing American Airlines CEO Robert Isom has publicly distanced his company from the growing controversy surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in airfare pricing. Speaking during a recent analyst call, Isom emphasized that American Airlines will not employ AI technologies in ways that could compromise consumer trust or transparency. Industry Backdrop and Delta’s Approach Isom’s remarks come amid heightened scrutiny of Delta Air Lines, which has adopted AI-driven dynamic pricing for its domestic flights. This strategy has drawn criticism from lawmakers and consumer advocates in Washington, who argue that individualized pricing models may lead to higher fares for certain passengers and reduce clarity in how ticket prices are determined. Although Isom did not explicitly name Delta, his comments were widely interpreted as a response to the competitor’s approach. “For us, of course, we're going to find ways to get our product in front of consumers,” Isom stated. “But consumers need to know that they can trust American, OK? This is not about a bait and switch. This is not about tricking, and others that talk about using AI in that way—I don't think it's appropriate. And certainly, from American, it's not something we will do.” Navigating AI’s Role in Fare Pricing Isom’s cautious stance reflects a broader tension within the airline industry as it explores the potential of AI to optimize revenue management and respond to fluctuating demand. While Delta has indicated plans to expand its use of AI for ticket pricing, American Airlines is signaling a more measured approach, prioritizing customer confidence and transparency over aggressive pricing tactics. The debate over AI-driven fare personalization raises important questions about fairness and the risk of price discrimination. As airlines increasingly integrate advanced technologies into their pricing strategies, the challenge remains to balance innovation with consumer protection. American Airlines’ position highlights the complexities facing the industry as regulators, competitors, and passengers grapple with the evolving implications of AI in airfare pricing.

Brazil’s Azul Seeks Court Approval for $1.57 Billion Financing Amid Economic Uncertainty Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras has formally requested authorization from the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York to secure approximately $1.57 billion in financing as part of its ongoing Chapter 11 restructuring process. The proposed financing package includes $250 million already drawn through interim debtor-in-possession (DIP) loans, $1.1 billion in final loans intended partly to repay pre-petition debts, and up to $221 million in additional contingent loans subject to certain conditions. Financing Objectives and Debt Refinancing The airline intends to deploy these funds primarily to support working capital requirements and to refinance existing secured obligations. These obligations include $676 million in superpriority notes, $113 million in bridge notes, $46 million owed to lessor AerCap, and $65 million in convertible debentures. Since filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection earlier this year, Azul has made significant progress in its restructuring efforts, including negotiating the exit of several older aircraft, obtaining key court approvals, and suspending trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Economic Context and Market Challenges Azul’s financing request arrives amid a period of heightened economic and financial instability in Brazil. The broader market environment remains uncertain, underscored by the ongoing struggles and debt recovery efforts of major Brazilian corporations such as Oi. This climate has fostered increased caution among investors and creditors, potentially complicating Azul’s efforts to secure financing. Furthermore, competition within Brazil’s aviation sector is expected to intensify as rival carriers seek to strengthen their financial positions and expand market share. Creditor Committee Support and Conditions Despite these challenges, Azul’s DIP financing plan has garnered support from the court-appointed Creditor’s Committee. The committee expressed concerns regarding Azul’s liquidity, particularly its limited access to the remaining $421 million in DIP loans and the company’s plan to allocate approximately $900 million toward refinancing pre-petition secured debt. In response to these concerns, the committee negotiated several protections, including the right to investigate and potentially challenge pre-petition secured debt transactions, an extension of the deadline to challenge lenders from 60 to 75 days, and an increase in the investigation budget from $50,000 to $225,000. In its filing, the committee stated, “Considering the debtors’ need for significant liquidity and lack of viable alternative financing sources, the committee believes that obtaining access to the DIP Facility—especially the increased Final Order Amount negotiated by the committee—is in the best interests of the debtors and their stakeholders.” As Azul continues to navigate its restructuring amid Brazil’s volatile financial landscape, the outcome of its financing request will be closely monitored by industry observers and competitors alike.

Asman Airlines Expands Fleet with New Dash-8 Aircraft Asman Airlines, the recently established state-owned carrier of Kyrgyzstan, has augmented its fleet with the addition of a Dash-8 turboprop aircraft. Operating as a subsidiary of Manas International Airport, the airline intends to deploy the regional aircraft on new domestic routes, enhancing connectivity between remote communities and the capital city, Bishkek. Acquisition and Fleet Integration The Dash-8 was procured through the aircraft trading firm Jetcraft. According to data from IBA Insight, this new addition will complement two other Q400 aircraft leased from Longview Aviation Services, which have been part of Asman Airlines’ fleet since its inception in 2024. Zholdosh Aidaraliev, Director General of Asman Airlines, acknowledged Jetcraft Commercial’s pivotal role in the acquisition process, emphasizing their expertise and support. He stated, “Jetcraft Commercial has been instrumental in helping us take off. Their expertise and support enabled us to identify the right aircraft that will give us access to key regions from Manas International Airport, supporting economic growth and mobility throughout Kyrgyzstan.” Operational Challenges and Market Dynamics Despite this positive development, Asman Airlines faces potential challenges stemming from ongoing global supply chain disruptions, which aerospace industry leaders warn could affect both the delivery and maintenance of new aircraft such as the Dash-8. These issues may present operational difficulties as the airline seeks to expand its network and maintain reliable service. Market responses to Asman Airlines’ expansion have been varied. Established regional competitors, including Turkish Airlines, continue to prioritize fleet growth and premium service offerings, intensifying the competitive environment. Industry analysts suggest that carriers in the region may need to adopt strategic approaches similar to those employed by Alaska Airlines, which has successfully navigated competitive pressures, in contrast to the struggles experienced by JetBlue. As Asman Airlines endeavors to strengthen domestic air connectivity and contribute to Kyrgyzstan’s economic development, its capacity to manage supply chain risks and adapt to competitive challenges will be critical in determining its future trajectory.

Advances in Aviation Engines Strengthen China’s Air Combat Capabilities The rapid expansion of the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) air power in the 21st century is intrinsically linked to China’s significant breakthroughs in jet engine development. After enduring decades of setbacks—including the cancellation of the WS-6 and WS-8 programs—China has made substantial progress with the WS-10 engine. This engine now forms the cornerstone of a new generation of propulsion systems deployed across both aviation and naval platforms. Spearheaded by the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), this achievement represents a multibillion-dollar effort to master one of the most technically challenging aspects of military-industrial capability. Historical Foundations and Early Challenges China’s aviation engine program has its origins in World War II, when the country acquired Soviet fighters and bombers such as the I-5, I-16, and MiG-15. Postwar collaboration with Moscow facilitated the establishment of aircraft factories and access to a range of Soviet aircraft and jet engines, notably the MiG-21 powered by the Tumansky R-11 turbojet. However, the 1960 Sino-Soviet split abruptly terminated this cooperation, leaving China with incomplete blueprints and only partially trained engineers. Despite these obstacles, China continued its efforts, producing thousands of MiG-17 and MiG-19 variants under the J-5 and J-6 programs, and eventually reverse-engineering the MiG-21 to develop the J-7. The Tumansky R-11 turbojet, however, proved particularly difficult to replicate. It was not until 1975 that the J-7 could reliably operate with the domestically produced WP-7 engine, which itself suffered from severe reliability issues well into the 1980s. Western Technology and Persistent Setbacks The 1971 Sino-American rapprochement opened new avenues, including a 1972 agreement for Boeing 707 aircraft and 40 Pratt & Whitney engines. Nevertheless, Chinese attempts to replicate these American engines were unsuccessful. Similarly, a £77 million license acquired in 1975 to produce the Rolls-Royce Spey Mk 202 engine took over three decades to bear fruit, with the Chinese-built WS-9 only powering the JH-7 and JH-7A fighter-bombers by 2010. These repeated setbacks compelled Beijing to cancel the WS-6 and WS-8 engine projects after nearly two decades of research and development. Even the J-10 fighter program, initiated in 1988, faced significant delays as the domestic WS-10 engine struggled to meet performance standards, impeding the PLA’s broader modernization efforts. Recent Breakthroughs and Strategic Implications Recent advancements have markedly enhanced China’s air combat capabilities, eliciting concern among regional competitors. The confirmed delivery of General Electric engines to China underscores the country’s growing technological sophistication in aviation. This progress has led Japan to identify China’s military developments as its most significant strategic challenge, particularly amid heightened tensions surrounding Taiwan and ongoing threats from North Korea. The evolution of aerial combat—from traditional dogfights to engagements dominated by long-range missile technology—has shifted the advantage toward larger, less detectable aircraft. This transformation has placed the U.S. Air Force’s traditional fighter inventory at a disadvantage in contemporary air superiority contests against the increasingly capable PLAAF. China’s sustained investment in aviation engine technology, culminating in the success of the WS-10 and related systems, signifies a pivotal shift in the regional balance of power. As China narrows the technological gap with Western air forces, its enhanced propulsion capabilities are poised to play a decisive role in shaping the future of air combat in the Asia-Pacific region.

Japan Commits to 100 Boeing Jets Amid Complex Supply Chain Challenges Early today, the White House announced that Japan has agreed to purchase 100 Boeing aircraft manufactured in the United States, accompanied by increased annual investments in U.S. defense equipment. This significant procurement aims to strengthen interoperability and alliance security within the Indo-Pacific region. However, the announcement comes at a time when the global aviation industry is contending with severe supply chain disruptions and escalating tariff pressures, complicating the fulfillment of such large-scale orders. Supply Chain Strains and Labor Shortages Beneath the diplomatic success lies a more intricate reality. The commercial aviation supply chain continues to struggle with the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. A considerable number of highly skilled aerospace workers, many with decades of specialized experience, exited the workforce during the downturn and have yet to return. This exodus has created a critical skills gap, as the expertise required for aerospace manufacturing is highly specialized and not easily transferable to other industries. The labor market dynamics further exacerbate these challenges. While aerospace professionals often transition between companies such as Boeing and SpaceX, opportunities outside the sector remain limited, particularly for assembly mechanics and other specialized roles. Additionally, rising military expenditures, especially in Europe, have prompted a talent shift from commercial to military aerospace sectors. This migration places additional strain on civilian aircraft production, with European manufacturers like Airbus and its extensive supply network particularly vulnerable. The demand for aerospace skills, however, remains a global phenomenon. Strategic Implications of Japan’s Order Japan’s substantial order arrives amid these industry-wide difficulties. Although the precise details of the deal have not been disclosed, the volume suggests a combination of civilian and potentially military aircraft. Heightened regional security concerns, driven by China and North Korea, likely influence Japan’s procurement strategy. The order is expected to include commercial models such as the Boeing 737 MAX, 787, and 777X, alongside advanced military platforms including fighters and patrol aircraft. For Boeing, the composition of this order is crucial, as certain programs require new business more urgently than others. Industry leaders have expressed apprehension that ongoing supply chain disruptions, coupled with shifting global tariff regimes, may hinder the timely delivery of such large orders. Recent discussions among aerospace executives have emphasized the necessity to reevaluate vendor networks and explore sourcing options from countries less impacted by tariffs. The U.S. aviation industry, valued at approximately $1 trillion, faces significant risks as tariff negotiations continue to reshape trade flows and market dynamics. Despite these challenges, Boeing benefits from ongoing trade diplomacy, securing major international contracts as U.S. partners make concessions in tariff discussions. These developments are expected to influence market behavior and compel competitors to adjust their strategies accordingly. As the tariff landscape evolves, airlines and manufacturers may need to reconsider network planning, capacity deployment, and aircraft acquisition strategies to adapt to the changing environment. Japan’s commitment to acquiring 100 Boeing jets thus highlights both the opportunities and the persistent challenges confronting the global aviation sector. While the deal reinforces strong U.S.-Japan relations, its ultimate success will depend on the industry’s capacity to navigate enduring supply chain and labor constraints amid an uncertain trade climate.

Surge in Pilot Sick Leaves Following Air India Ahmedabad Crash In the wake of the catastrophic Air India AI-171 crash near Ahmedabad on June 12, which resulted in 260 fatalities, the government has reported a significant increase in pilot sick leave within the airline. On June 16 alone, 112 Air India pilots—comprising 51 Commanders and 61 First Officers—were recorded as absent due to illness. This information was disclosed by Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Murlidhar Mohol in a written response to a question posed by Congress MP Jai Prakash during a Lok Sabha session. Although the government characterized the rise in sick leaves as "minor," the timing has raised concerns regarding the psychological impact of the tragedy on flight crews. The data provided did not extend to other dates nor did it specify the reasons behind the surge in absences. Air India operates a diverse fleet including Boeing 787s, Boeing 777s, Airbus A320 family aircraft, and Airbus A350s. Investigations and Industry Response The AI-171 crash stands as the deadliest incident involving an Indian airline in four decades, intensifying scrutiny on pilot mental health and operational safety standards. The ongoing investigation is exploring various possibilities, including sabotage and cockpit confusion. However, preliminary analysis of flight recorder data has reportedly ruled out fuel issues or pilot error as contributing factors. The incident has also triggered broader market reactions, with heightened focus on Air India’s safety protocols and potential repercussions for insurance coverage. Competing airlines have responded by emphasizing their own safety measures and launching public relations efforts aimed at reassuring passengers and maintaining confidence in air travel. Government Measures on Pilot Mental Health In response to concerns about pilot well-being, MP Jai Prakash inquired whether the government had introduced remedial actions such as post-trauma mental health workshops. Minister Mohol highlighted that the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) had issued a medical circular in February 2022, which sets forth mental health guidelines for flight crews and air traffic controllers (ATCOs). This circular mandates regular mental health assessments conducted by DGCA-empanelled medical examiners and recommends specialized training to enable aviation personnel to recognize and manage mental health challenges effectively. Acknowledging the high-stress nature of pilot and ATCO roles, the ministry also emphasized the requirement for airlines and related organizations—including scheduled and non-scheduled operators, flying training organizations (FTOs), and the Airports Authority of India (AAI)—to implement Peer Support Programmes (PSPs). These proactive, non-punitive initiatives are designed to assist employees in identifying and addressing mental health issues before they escalate. As the investigation into the Ahmedabad crash proceeds, authorities and industry stakeholders face mounting pressure to enhance safety oversight and support mechanisms for aviation professionals, with the aim of preventing future tragedies and restoring public confidence in India’s aviation sector.