Delhi Airport Advises Metro Use Ahead of India AI Summit Traffic Disruptions

Shipping Industry Developments in Cyprus Regional Advances in Fuel Supply and Infrastructure Over the weekend, the Port of Riga marked a significant milestone with the arrival of the first Latvian-bound vessel carrying aviation fuel from the United States. The tanker DAS, escorted through icy waters by the icebreaker Varma, delivered 20,000 tons of aviation fuel—sufficient to meet Riga Airport’s requirements for approximately two winter months. This event coincided with the inauguration of SIA “NAFTIMPEKS”’s new fuel filling and discharging ramp, now the most advanced facility of its kind in the Baltic States. The ramp, capable of handling up to 200,000 tons of fuel monthly, will supply both Riga Airport and gas stations across Latvia. Ivars Blumbergs, Board Chairman of SIA “NAFTIMPEKS,” described the development as a pivotal moment for the company. Historically focused on transit, the firm has adapted to shifting market realities through substantial investment and transformation. The new infrastructure, which cost over two million euros, is expected to manage about 10,000 tons of aviation fuel per month and will also accommodate diesel and other fuel types. Latvia’s Minister of Economics, Viktors Valainis, underscored the broader implications of this advancement, emphasizing the diversification of the fuel market. He noted that just a few years ago, the prospect of supplying various fuel types from the United States seemed unlikely, but today it is a tangible reality. This diversification fosters competition and expands options for both entrepreneurs and consumers, while reinforcing Latvia’s transatlantic economic and energy ties. Parliamentary Secretary of the Ministry of Transport, Kristaps Zaļais, highlighted the positive impact on the national airline AirBaltic and Riga Airport, pointing to enhanced competitiveness and sustainability within the transport sector. Emerging Trends and Challenges in Cyprus Shipping While Latvia celebrates these developments, Cyprus’s shipping industry is navigating its own set of challenges amid a transforming global environment. The anticipated reduction in the sanctioned tanker fleet presents potential operational difficulties for local maritime businesses. Shifts in global oil flows—driven by increased Venezuelan production and declining Russian crude output—are expected to influence shipping demand and freight rates, creating a complex landscape for Cypriot operators. In response to these evolving market conditions, competitors such as Sallaum Lines have relocated their headquarters to Limassol, Cyprus. This strategic move aims to leverage the island’s advantageous geographic position and favorable regulatory framework, positioning Cyprus as a competitive hub in the Mediterranean shipping sector. Looking forward, the global maritime industry’s increasing emphasis on decarbonization and innovation, exemplified by forthcoming events like CMA Shipping 2026, presents both opportunities and challenges for Cypriot shipping companies. As the sector adapts to new sustainability standards and shifting market dynamics, Cyprus remains poised to maintain its role as a key player in the evolving maritime landscape, balancing regulatory adaptation with ambitions for growth and competitiveness.

A*STAR, SIA, and SIAEC Sign Agreements on Cabin and AI Technologies The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Airlines (SIA), and SIA Engineering Company (SIAEC) have formalized two new joint laboratory agreements, marking the commencement of a second phase in their ongoing collaboration to advance smart manufacturing and artificial intelligence (AI) applications within the aerospace sector. Progress and Achievements from Phase One The initial partnership, spanning from 2019 to 2024, yielded significant advancements in local aircraft cabin component manufacturing. Over 100,000 parts were developed and produced domestically, resulting in a reduction of lead times by 30 to 50 percent. This improvement played a crucial role in mitigating supply chain disruptions. The collaboration also introduced sustainable repair processes that extended the lifespan of cabin components while minimizing material waste. AI-driven solutions were implemented across SIA and SIAEC operations, facilitating earlier detection of potential delays and reducing unplanned disruptions, thereby enhancing fleet reliability. Moreover, the initiative successfully integrated 28 local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) into the aerospace supply chain, bolstering local industrial capabilities and fostering ecosystem growth. Advancing Manufacturing and AI Integration in Phase Two The forthcoming phase will see A*STAR’s Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), SIA, and SIAEC inaugurate a new joint laboratory in September 2025, with operations extending through 2030. This facility will focus on the production of larger and more complex cabin components, including business class seat parts and aerospace-grade laminate sheets, employing cutting-edge manufacturing technologies. The collaboration will also emphasize automation and digitalization within maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) processes, incorporating innovations such as intelligent wheel bearing inspections, robotic brake cleaning, and enhanced capacity planning. In parallel, a second joint laboratory, operational since October 2025 and scheduled to continue until 2028, will concentrate on the integration of generative AI (GenAI) technologies. This initiative aims to transform airline operations and maintenance planning by leveraging advanced analytics and GenAI for early disruption detection, workflow optimization, and improved operational resilience. Responding to Market Dynamics and Competitive Challenges These technological developments emerge amid heightened market volatility influenced by rapid AI advancements. The recent decline in software stock valuations following the launch of Anthropic’s AI tool highlights the unpredictable effects of AI on industry performance. In anticipation of potential disruptions, airlines are pursuing strategic partnerships to enhance competitiveness, exemplified by SIA’s commercial cooperation with Air India. Market analysts remain divided on the outlook, with some predicting gains in major stock indexes despite ongoing volatility driven by geopolitical tensions and uncertainties surrounding AI’s return on investment. Strengthening Singapore’s Aerospace Innovation Ecosystem Prof Lim Keng Hui, Assistant Chief Executive of A*STAR’s Science and Engineering Research Council, emphasized the strategic importance of the collaboration. He stated, “A*STAR is Singapore’s strategic innovation engine, where we turn research into industry-ready solutions through our world-class talent, infrastructure, and technological expertise. Our collaboration with SIA and SIAEC is the perfect example of how co-innovation in smart and sustainable advanced manufacturing and AI is future-proofing Singapore’s aerospace ecosystem.”

US Air Force Confirms Delivery of 17 F-35A Jets Equipped with Operational Radars The United States Air Force has officially confirmed that all 17 F-35A Joint Strike Fighters delivered under Lot 17 are equipped with fully operational radar systems. This announcement directly addresses earlier reports suggesting that some of these aircraft arrived without radars amid the transition to Northrop Grumman’s new AN/APG-85 radar system. A spokesperson clarified that the Lot 17 jets are fitted with the existing APG-81 radars, dismissing claims that certain aircraft operated without radar and relied solely on data links for targeting. The Air Force also emphasized that details regarding the integration of the APG-85 radar remain classified due to security concerns. Block 4 Modernization and Technical Challenges The APG-85 radar is a central element of the F-35’s Block 4 modernization program, which encompasses a suite of upgrades including the replacement of the AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System, enhancements to the Electro-Optical Targeting System, a new electronic warfare suite, and expanded computing and sensor capabilities. While the Air Force has identified the electronic warfare improvements as a high-priority objective, the Block 4 program continues to face significant schedule delays and escalating costs. The integration of these advanced systems demands increased electrical power and improved thermal management, both of which depend on engine upgrades that are currently behind schedule. Despite assurances from the Air Force, uncertainties persist regarding the compatibility between the existing APG-81 radar and the forthcoming APG-85 system. Defense analysts have noted that aircraft configured for the APG-85 may not be able to temporarily accommodate the APG-81 without structural modifications, potentially requiring a redesign of the forward fuselage. Program officials have refrained from providing further technical details, citing operational security. Strategic Context and Regional Implications The delivery of radar-equipped F-35As occurs amid escalating regional tensions, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, where China’s expanding military capabilities and the development of advanced stealth fighters such as the J-20 have raised concerns among US allies. Concurrently, Russia’s efforts to deploy next-generation fighter aircraft contribute to an increasingly competitive global military environment. The enhanced capabilities of the F-35 are expected to influence defense spending and strategic planning across the region, potentially accelerating the development of rival stealth fighter programs. This development also renews discussions about the future of legacy platforms like the AV-8B Harrier II, which the US Marine Corps plans to retire by 2026 as it expands its fleet of F-35B aircraft. Delivery Schedule and Future Outlook Initial projections anticipated the arrival of F-35s equipped with the full Block 4 upgrade suite by 2025. However, a recent Government Accountability Office report indicates that only a limited subset of these upgrades will be delivered initially, with full Block 4 capabilities delayed by at least five years. This revised timeline underscores ongoing challenges in integrating advanced radar, sensor, and power systems, even as the Air Force strives to maintain technological superiority in the face of evolving global threats.

The Twin-Engine L-1011 Prototype That Never Flew The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar is widely recognized as one of the most technologically advanced widebody airliners of the 1970s and 1980s. Celebrated for its quiet cabin, pioneering autoland system, and distinctive S-duct design, the TriStar’s development history is less well known for its initial twin-engine concept—a design that ultimately never progressed beyond the planning stage. Origins and Early Development In 1966, American Airlines issued a request for a widebody domestic airliner, prompting responses from both Lockheed and McDonnell Douglas. While McDonnell Douglas proceeded with what would become the DC-10, Lockheed initially pursued a twin-engine design internally designated as the CL-1011, with “CL” standing for California Lockheed. This early concept envisioned a short- to medium-haul, twin-aisle aircraft powered by two high-bypass turbofan engines. However, the technological and regulatory environment of the late 1960s posed significant obstacles. Engine technology at the time was still maturing, with limitations in thrust capacity and reliability. Regulatory restrictions, particularly the Federal Aviation Administration’s “60-minute rule,” confined twin-engine aircraft to routes within one hour of a suitable diversion airport. This constraint severely limited operational flexibility, especially for overwater and transcontinental flights. Furthermore, performance requirements for operations at hot-and-high airports and shorter runways added complexity to the twin-engine approach. Confronted with these challenges, Lockheed abandoned the twinjet concept in favor of a trijet configuration, incorporating the now-iconic tail-mounted engine and S-duct that became hallmarks of the TriStar. Revisiting the Twin-Engine Concept in the 1970s By the early 1970s, advances in engine performance and evolving airline economics led Lockheed to reconsider the twin-engine design. The CL-1600 or Model 1600 study examined the possibility of removing the center engine from the TriStar airframe to reduce operating costs and simplify maintenance. Although there are reports of informal discussions with carriers such as Air Canada, no formal proposals or detailed documentation have surfaced publicly. Despite the potential economic benefits, the engineering challenges of modifying an airframe originally optimized for three engines proved substantial. The project did not progress to the prototype stage or flight testing, and the twin-engine variant remained unrealized. Market Impact and Industry Context The failure to bring the twin-engine L-1011 prototype to fruition had significant repercussions for Lockheed. Beyond the direct financial and reputational costs associated with an unflown design, the company ceded competitive ground to rivals. Airbus, for instance, capitalized on this opportunity by introducing the A300—the world’s first twin-engine, twin-aisle widebody airliner—which first flew in 1971 and entered commercial service in 1974. The A300’s success validated the twin-engine widebody concept and established a new industry benchmark. Both Boeing and Airbus leveraged Lockheed’s setbacks to consolidate their positions in the widebody market. Although initial airline skepticism regarding twin-engine widebodies may have slowed early adoption, competitive pressures ultimately accelerated advancements in engine reliability and aircraft safety standards across the industry. While the twin-engine L-1011 never took to the skies, its development narrative underscores the complex interplay of technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics that have shaped the trajectory of modern commercial aviation.

Clark International Showcases Investment Opportunities at Singapore Airshow 2026 Promoting Clark Aviation Capital on the Global Stage Clark International Airport Corporation (CIAC) took center stage at the Singapore Airshow 2026, held at the Changi Exhibition Centre, to highlight investment prospects within Clark Aviation Capital. Recognized as one of Asia’s premier aerospace and defense gatherings, the event convened global industry leaders, government officials, and corporate executives to explore advancements in aviation and related technologies. CIAC’s participation was in collaboration with the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), the Department of Transportation, and private sector partners Lipad and Bertaphil, all represented at the Philippine Pavilion. Key figures such as CIAC Board Director and Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines Director General Raul del Rosario, alongside BCDA Vice President Kenneth Peralta, engaged directly with prospective investors, underscoring the Philippines’ commitment to expanding its aerospace footprint. CIAC President and CEO Jojit Alcazar emphasized the agency’s strategic focus on attracting investments in aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO), as well as other aerospace-related sectors. He highlighted that discussions with international aviation stakeholders opened avenues for partnerships, particularly in helicopter maintenance and specialized MRO services. Several global companies expressed keen interest in exploring business opportunities within Clark, signaling growing confidence in the region’s aerospace potential. Alcazar remarked that CIAC’s presence at the airshow reinforced investment ties and showcased Clark’s preparedness to meet the increasing demands of the global aerospace industry. The event also provided valuable insights into international best practices concerning aviation operations, safety protocols, technology integration, and workforce development—critical elements for Clark Aviation Capital’s ambition to emerge as a competitive hub in the Asia-Pacific. Navigating Industry Challenges Amid Growth Prospects The Singapore Airshow unfolded against a backdrop of significant challenges confronting the aviation sector. Industry reports indicate that supply chain disruptions, coupled with surging demand from key markets such as China and India, are exerting pressure on manufacturers and service providers. Leading aerospace companies like Airbus and Boeing are grappling with the rapid expansion of air travel across the Asia-Pacific region. While the business jet segment shows signs of recovery, the commercial aviation market remains uneven, eliciting mixed responses from participants at the event. Competitors are adopting varied strategies to address these dynamics. Embraer is concentrating on fleet modernization initiatives, while the Royal Australian Air Force attracted attention with the debut of its F-35A fighter jet. Meanwhile, the Singapore Airshow organizers are adjusting to evolving market demands, reflecting the broader transformation within the aerospace industry. Alcazar referenced the 2024 Philippine Aerospace Industry Roadmap, which forecasts the country’s aerospace sector as one of the fastest-growing in the region. He underscored Clark’s strategic positioning to satisfy the rising need for dependable MRO services, essential for maintaining the safety and efficiency of expanding global aircraft fleets. Clark’s growing stature in the MRO sector is evidenced by the presence of major providers such as SIA Engineering and Metrojet Engineering. CIAC envisions Clark Aviation Capital evolving into a dynamic business and logistics hub, ultimately establishing itself as the Philippines’ premier global aviation center. As the principal land and aviation development arm of the BCDA, CIAC is charged with transforming Clark Aviation Capital into a comprehensive aerotropolis. The agency manages the Clark aviation complex, which accommodates firms engaged in industrial, commercial, mixed-use, warehousing, and manufacturing activities, reflecting Clark’s ongoing evolution into a vibrant, aviation-driven economic hub.

Safran to Establish Landing Gear Manufacturing Facility in Morocco France’s aerospace giant Safran has announced a significant investment exceeding $332 million to develop a new landing gear manufacturing facility in Morocco. This strategic move aims to support the increased production of Airbus A320 aircraft. The announcement was made on February 13, 2026, by Safran’s Chairman of the Board, Ross McInnes, in the presence of His Majesty King Mohammed VI of Morocco. The new site will be situated at Casablanca Mohammed V International Airport (CMN). Facility Focus and Operational Plans The facility will span 26,000 square meters and will specialize in producing landing systems for short- and medium-haul aircraft. Its operations will include the manufacture of landing gear components, modules, and specialized hydraulic equipment. Safran anticipates that the plant will become operational by 2029 and will employ approximately 500 skilled workers. To support this workforce, the company plans to implement a comprehensive training program designed to cultivate the specialized skills necessary for the facility’s sustainable growth. Safran highlighted that the decision to establish the facility in Morocco was influenced by the country’s robust industrial capabilities and the high quality of its workforce. Olivier Andriès, CEO of Safran, stated, “Embedded within a dynamic aviation ecosystem, this new site will strengthen our resilience, agility, and competitiveness, allowing us to meet our customers’ expectations—notably Airbus—and to prepare for the future generation of aircraft.” Challenges and Industry Implications Despite the promising outlook, the project faces several potential challenges. Local labor market conditions may affect the recruitment and retention of qualified personnel, while supply chain logistics and regulatory compliance could present additional complexities as Safran integrates the new facility into its global operations. The establishment of this plant is also expected to impact the broader aerospace supply chain, potentially intensifying competition among local suppliers and prompting shifts in sourcing strategies. Industry analysts suggest that Safran’s competitors may respond by enhancing their own production capabilities or forging new partnerships to safeguard their market positions in the region. The facility’s strategic location near key markets is anticipated to provide Safran with a competitive advantage, though it may also compel other aerospace firms to recalibrate their regional strategies accordingly. Morocco’s Growing Role in Safran’s Global Footprint This announcement follows Safran’s October 2025 inauguration of a new assembly line and maintenance center for the LEAP engine in Casablanca, further solidifying Morocco’s importance within the company’s global industrial network. Olivier Andriès expressed gratitude towards the Moroccan government, emphasizing the strong relationship of trust and the strategic role the Kingdom plays in Safran’s operations worldwide. In alignment with Safran’s commitment to sustainability, the new facility will be powered entirely by decarbonized electricity, reflecting the company’s dedication to environmentally responsible manufacturing practices.

Private Capital and Network Expansion Reshape Aviation Infrastructure The aviation infrastructure sector is set for significant growth in 2026, driven by an influx of private capital, expanding airline networks, and rapid technological advancements. Traditional government-operated airports are evolving into hybrid investment platforms that combine aeronautical revenue streams with logistics and commercial property ventures. This transformation has attracted institutional investors, pension funds, and private equity firms, all seeking the sector’s long-term stability and predictable returns. Investment Trends and Market Dynamics A recent report by JLL underscores private capital as a key catalyst for airport development and modernization. Investment is flowing into a broad spectrum of projects, including cargo terminals, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities, and logistics parks. These developments are particularly vital as airlines broaden regional routes and establish secondary hubs, especially in emerging markets where economic growth and trade expansion are intensifying demand for modern aviation infrastructure. Despite these positive trends, challenges persist. Liquidity constraints in private capital markets, dependence on secondary markets, and aging fund portfolios are influencing investment strategies. Nevertheless, the sector continues to experience robust deal closings and sustained demand, notably in the preowned aircraft market. In response, industry players are reevaluating sourcing and network design, investing in secure cargo handling capabilities, and collaborating with defense and government entities to enhance operational resilience. Technological Innovation and Sustainability Technological innovation plays a central role in reshaping airport operations. Increasingly, airports are implementing digital management systems, AI-driven predictive maintenance, and automated cargo handling solutions to improve efficiency and maximize capacity. Automation is streamlining processes across fuel management, fleet scheduling, and cargo processing, enabling operators to deliver more cost-effective and reliable services. Sustainability has also become integral to infrastructure planning and investment decisions. The adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), renewable energy sources, and energy-efficient construction practices is now standard in new airport and cargo hub projects. Green logistics, carbon reduction initiatives, and environmentally responsible design are essential not only for regulatory compliance but also for meeting investor expectations and maintaining long-term competitiveness. Challenges for Smaller Airports and Future Outlook While major airports benefit from these developments, smaller airports continue to face challenges such as limited hangar space. Industry experts suggest that private hangar construction through land-lease arrangements could alleviate these constraints and unlock additional growth potential. As airports increasingly operate as integrated logistics hubs, stakeholders who effectively align capital investment, technological innovation, and network planning are best positioned to capture enduring value. The convergence of private investment, network expansion, and innovation is redefining airport operations and creating new opportunities and challenges for investors, developers, and operators throughout the aviation sector.

Single-Engine Plane Crashes in Northern Illinois Neighborhood Incident Overview A single-engine Whittman Tailwind aircraft carrying one occupant crashed on Saturday in the Village of Poplar Grove, Boone County, Illinois, according to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The condition of the pilot has not been disclosed. Poplar Grove is situated approximately 18 miles east of Rockford. The Boone County Sheriff’s Office confirmed that both the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the NTSB are jointly leading the investigation into the circumstances surrounding the crash. At this stage, authorities have not provided further information regarding the cause of the accident or the identity of the individual on board. Broader Context and Industry Implications This incident occurs amid increasing scrutiny of aviation safety protocols, particularly concerning single-engine aircraft operating in residential neighborhoods. Recent crashes in Georgia and Mississippi, alongside the Boone County event, have intensified concerns about the risks posed by small aircraft in populated areas. Industry experts suggest that these developments may lead to heightened regulatory oversight and the implementation of more stringent safety measures for both manufacturers and operators of single-engine planes. Potential repercussions include rising insurance premiums for aviation companies and increased regulatory pressure on pilots and manufacturers alike. The market may also experience shifts as competitors seek to enhance safety features and revise operational strategies in response to these emerging challenges. The investigation into the Poplar Grove crash remains ongoing, with officials continuing to gather information to determine the factors that contributed to the accident.

Dubai Air Taxi Expansion to Adhere to Strict Safety Standards Advancing Urban Mobility with Electric Air Taxis Dubai is poised to revolutionize urban transportation with the introduction of the Joby air taxi, a fully electric aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing. Designed to operate efficiently within dense city environments, the air taxi boasts a range of up to 160 kilometers and a maximum speed of 320 kilometers per hour. Its emission-free operation and quieter performance compared to traditional helicopters make it particularly well-suited for urban use, aligning with Dubai’s vision for sustainable and innovative mobility solutions. Regulatory Challenges and Safety Prioritization Despite the promising technological advancements, the expansion of air taxi services in Dubai faces considerable regulatory hurdles. Authorities have underscored the necessity of enforcing stringent safety standards, which are expected to be rigorous and may delay the initial deployment of these services. Compliance with these regulations is critical not only to safeguard passenger safety but also to build and maintain public trust in this emerging mode of transportation. The emphasis on safety is likely to increase operational costs and extend timelines, reflecting the city’s cautious approach to integrating air taxis into its transport infrastructure. Market Reception and Competitive Dynamics The market response to air taxis in Dubai is anticipated to be varied. Early adopters are expected to include tourists and business travelers who value the speed and convenience offered by this new transit option. However, widespread acceptance among residents may evolve more gradually, as concerns regarding safety, reliability, and the integration of air taxis with existing transport networks are carefully considered. On the competitive front, Dubai is entering a rapidly developing market where other cities and companies are also exploring similar services. The city’s commitment to rigorous safety protocols could establish it as a leader in the sector, although this also imposes high standards for operational readiness and ongoing regulatory compliance. As Dubai advances its air taxi initiatives, the interplay between innovation, safety, and public acceptance will be pivotal in shaping the trajectory and success of this novel urban mobility solution.

Student Pilot’s Fuel Mismanagement Results in Forced Landing Near Wayside, Texas A solo cross-country flight undertaken by a student pilot ended abruptly in a forced landing after the Piper PA-28-140 experienced a total loss of engine power attributed to fuel starvation. The incident occurred near Wayside, Texas, when the pilot, unable to restore engine power despite attempting to switch fuel tanks, was compelled to land the aircraft in an open field. During the emergency landing, the plane’s left wing struck a metal fence post, sustaining significant damage. Investigation Reveals Improper Fuel Management Pre-flight records and the pilot’s own account confirmed that the aircraft departed with a full fuel load of 50 gallons, evenly distributed between the left and right wing tanks. The student pilot reported switching fuel tanks every 30 minutes during the approximately 2.4-hour flight. However, post-accident examination revealed a critical discrepancy: the right fuel tank was completely empty while the left tank remained full. This finding indicated a failure to properly manage the fuel system, leading to fuel starvation despite the presence of usable fuel onboard. An engine test conducted after the accident found no mechanical faults, effectively ruling out engine failure as a cause. Investigators determined that the loss of power was directly linked to the student pilot’s mismanagement of the fuel system. Notably, the pilot had not obtained the required instructor endorsement for the solo cross-country flight, raising further concerns about training and oversight. Industry Response and Broader Safety Implications The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) identified the probable cause of the accident as improper fuel management by the student pilot. This incident has intensified scrutiny of pilot training programs and fuel management protocols within the aviation community. Industry experts emphasize the critical importance of comprehensive instruction and vigilant supervision for student pilots to prevent similar occurrences. In the wake of this event, some operators have temporarily grounded comparable aircraft models to review and enhance safety procedures. Competitors in the aviation sector are also reinforcing their fuel management systems and safety measures. This heightened focus on fuel system reliability coincides with broader industry concerns, exemplified by recent actions such as Air India’s grounding of a Boeing 787 following a pilot’s report of a potential defect in the engine fuel control switch—a component under investigation in connection with a previous crash. The NTSB’s February 2024 accident report serves as a valuable educational resource, aimed at helping pilots and operators learn from past incidents and strengthen best practices in flight safety.