Engine Detaches from UPS Cargo Plane Causing Crash at Louisville Airport

Deal Talks Intensify Ahead of Dubai Airshow Amid 777X Delays, Says Emirates President As the Dubai Airshow approaches, scheduled for November 17-21 at Al Maktoum International Airport, negotiations between Emirates and leading aircraft manufacturers Airbus and Boeing have entered a critical phase. Emirates president Tim Clark revealed in an interview with *The National* that the airline is under increasing pressure from both manufacturers, each eager to secure multi-billion-dollar orders during the high-profile biennial event. The Dubai Airshow has long served as a pivotal platform for Emirates to announce significant aircraft acquisitions, intensifying the competition between the world’s two largest aerospace companies. Production Challenges and Delivery Delays Clark highlighted the challenges faced by both Airbus and Boeing in meeting the growing demand for new aircraft. He noted that the manufacturers are currently constrained in their production capacities, unable to fulfill additional orders before 2033. This bottleneck is largely due to extensive delivery delays and production backlogs, which are now impeding Emirates’ ambitious expansion plans. Boeing, in particular, is grappling with setbacks related to its 777X program. The first delivery of the much-anticipated wide-body jet has been postponed until 2027, prompting Boeing to record a $5 billion charge. This delay has intensified concerns within the aviation industry regarding Boeing’s ability to develop and certify new aircraft, especially in the aftermath of the 737 Max crisis. The ripple effects of these issues have directly impacted airlines such as Emirates, which depend on timely aircraft deliveries to grow their fleets and expand route networks. Boeing’s financial performance has also been affected, with the recent charge overshadowing its third-quarter earnings and raising questions about the company’s efforts to regain stakeholder confidence. Emirates’ Strategic Positioning Ahead of the Show Despite these challenges, Emirates continues to press both Airbus and Boeing for improved terms and assurances that align with its operational needs. Clark indicated that the airline has several announcements planned but refrained from disclosing specific details. As Emirates evaluates potential additional aircraft orders, securing reliable delivery schedules and performance guarantees remains paramount. As the host airline of the Dubai Airshow, Emirates is poised to make significant headlines with its forthcoming decisions, further intensifying the rivalry between Airbus and Boeing. The event, themed “The Future is Here,” will feature the latest advancements in aviation technology, including flying displays and exhibits from global aerospace and defense companies. With manufacturers under mounting pressure to resolve production delays and airlines demanding greater certainty, the outcomes of these negotiations at the Dubai Airshow are likely to influence the trajectory of the aviation industry for years to come.

UPS Cargo Plane Crashes Near Louisville Airport, Igniting Large Fireball A UPS cargo plane carrying three crew members crashed and exploded in a massive fireball shortly after takeoff from Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport on Tuesday evening. The tragic accident resulted in at least three fatalities and left 11 others injured, according to officials. Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear cautioned that the number of casualties could increase as emergency responders continue their efforts at the scene. Details of the Crash and Immediate Aftermath The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reported that the crash occurred around 5:15 p.m. The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, was departing for Honolulu when video footage captured flames erupting from its left wing. The plane briefly lifted off the ground before crashing near the end of the runway, where it exploded in a large fireball. The force of the impact caused significant damage, including shredding parts of a nearby building’s roof. In response to the incident, authorities issued a shelter-in-place order within a five-mile radius of the airport. The Louisville Metro Police Department, along with fire and emergency services, quickly mobilized to the crash site. Governor Beshear highlighted the severity of the blaze, noting that the intensity of the flames compelled some responders to take cover behind nearby structures while working to contain the fire and assist victims. Ongoing Response and Investigation Following the crash, the airport’s airfield was closed, causing disruptions to operations as investigators and emergency personnel secured the area. The FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) have initiated a joint investigation to determine the cause of the accident. Governor Beshear appealed to the public for support, urging Kentuckians to keep those affected in their thoughts and prayers. Authorities continue to monitor the situation closely and have pledged to provide updates as more information becomes available.

Aircraft Interiors Industry Update: Growth in Premium Economy, September–October 2025 The latest report from CAPA – Centre for Aviation provides an in-depth analysis of the aircraft interiors sector during September and October 2025, drawing on comprehensive data from the CAPA Aircraft Interiors Database and CAPA News. This period has been marked by significant momentum in the premium economy segment, with an increasing number of airlines entering the market and a heightened emphasis on enhancing the overall passenger experience. Expansion of Premium Economy and Regional Trends Globally, airlines are placing greater emphasis on premium economy cabins in response to shifting passenger preferences that favor enhanced comfort and value. The availability of premium economy seating has expanded notably across key regions, including North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Both established carriers and new market entrants are introducing upgraded products designed to attract discerning travelers seeking differentiated seating options. This trend underscores a robust demand for intermediate cabin classes that bridge the gap between economy and business travel. Industry Growth Amid Challenges Despite the strong growth observed in the premium economy market, the aircraft interiors industry continues to confront several challenges. Sustaining production growth is complicated by intense competitive pressures and persistent supply chain disruptions. Additionally, companies must rapidly adapt to evolving passenger expectations, which increasingly prioritize comfort, technological integration, and sustainability. Nevertheless, market responses to the premium economy surge have been largely positive. Leading suppliers such as Recaro, alongside major airlines including Delta, have reported strong financial performance, attributing much of their success to the rising demand for premium seating. This surge has spurred competitors to enhance their product offerings and invest in innovative technologies to maintain and grow their market share. Global Interior Upgrades and Competitive Dynamics The period also witnessed a wave of global cabin upgrades as airlines and manufacturers strive to differentiate their offerings. Investments in advanced materials, in-flight entertainment systems, and connectivity solutions are becoming standard features, reflecting the industry’s commitment to meeting and exceeding passenger expectations. As competition intensifies, companies are focusing on innovation and operational efficiency to navigate supply chain complexities and sustain growth in a challenging environment. Outlook The aircraft interiors sector appears poised for continued expansion, driven by the growing popularity of premium economy cabins and ongoing investments in cabin enhancements. However, the industry’s future success will depend on its ability to balance growth with adaptability, ensuring that evolving passenger needs and operational challenges are effectively addressed in a rapidly changing market landscape.

Philippines’ Dornier Technology Advances Following FAA Certification Strategic Expansion Enabled by FAA Approval Dornier Technology, a prominent maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) provider based at Clark Airport in the Philippines, is preparing for significant growth after securing certification from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This approval authorizes Dornier to conduct heavy maintenance on Airbus A320 family aircraft, including both the A320neo and A320ceo models. The milestone marks a pivotal development for the 17-year-old company, which already holds regulatory certifications from the Philippines, Indonesia, and South Korea. Chief Executive Nick Gitsis underscored the strategic value of the FAA certification, highlighting its role in expanding Dornier’s competitive reach. The certification enables the company to bid for contracts beyond local carriers, extending into the broader Southeast Asian market. Gitsis noted that the geographic proximity of the Philippines to regional airlines makes Dornier an attractive maintenance partner, facilitating the transfer of aircraft for servicing. Currently, airframe maintenance constitutes approximately 65% of Dornier’s operations, with the remainder derived from line maintenance services. Heavy maintenance activities are centralized at the Clark facility, located north of Manila, while line maintenance is provided at key airports nationwide, including Cebu, Davao, and Manila. Although line maintenance remains a vital revenue source, Gitsis identified base maintenance as the company’s core business and a principal driver for long-term expansion. Targeting New Markets and Navigating Competitive Challenges With FAA certification in hand, Dornier is now targeting the end-of-lease check market, a segment that typically requires approval from either the FAA or the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The company is actively engaging with several aircraft lessors and anticipates commencing operations in this area shortly. Gitsis emphasized that the certification places Dornier on the radar of more airlines, increasing opportunities to secure new contracts. Dornier is also pursuing growth in its foreign airline customer base, including US carriers such as Hawaiian Airlines, which stand to benefit from the Philippines’ strategic location. Gitsis highlighted the country’s proximity to Northeast Asia and its access to a rapidly expanding aviation market. He pointed to the evolving aviation landscape in Southeast Asia, where thousands of aircraft are on order across multiple carriers, underscoring the sustained demand for maintenance services. Despite these opportunities, Dornier faces challenges in maintaining regulatory compliance across diverse markets and competing against established industry players. The recent FAA certifications awarded to Textron Aviation’s Citation CJ3 Gen2 and Citation M2 Gen2 models illustrate the competitive environment, with rivals likely to accelerate their certification and product development efforts. Workforce management remains a critical concern. While the Philippines offers a rich pool of skilled aviation professionals who support MRO operations globally, retaining experienced staff is increasingly difficult amid rising demand from the Middle East and other regions. Dornier’s strategy includes initiatives to attract Filipino talent back from overseas, aiming to balance workforce retention with growth as the company leverages its new FAA certification to pursue expanded opportunities.

Akasa Air Leases Boeing 737s from BOC Aviation Amid Market Shifts BOC Aviation has entered into a landmark agreement to purchase and lease back three Boeing 737-8 aircraft to Akasa Air, marking its inaugural collaboration with the Indian carrier. These aircraft, equipped with CFM LEAP-1B engines, are slated for delivery starting January 2026 under long-term operating leases. This transaction underscores BOC Aviation’s commitment to supporting fleet expansion through strategic capital provision. Paul Kent, Chief Commercial Officer at BOC Aviation, expressed enthusiasm about the partnership, highlighting the Boeing 737-8 as one of the world’s most popular single-aisle jets. He emphasized that the deal leverages BOC Aviation’s capacity to facilitate growth for its customers during critical phases of development. Strategic Fleet Expansion Amid Industry Dynamics Akasa Air’s decision to incorporate Boeing 737s into its fleet comes at a time of notable transformation within the global single-aisle aircraft market. While Boeing’s 737 series was historically the best-selling jetliner worldwide, it has recently been surpassed in popularity by Airbus’s A320 family. Nevertheless, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration’s recent approval to increase Boeing’s 737 monthly production rate may positively impact Akasa Air’s fleet growth by enhancing aircraft availability and accelerating delivery schedules. Priya Mehra, Chief of Governance & Strategic Acquisitions at Akasa Air, highlighted the significance of partnering with BOC Aviation, a lessor renowned for its expertise in aircraft financing and asset management. She noted that this collaboration aligns with Akasa Air’s disciplined and sustainable approach to fleet expansion, aimed at ensuring operational efficiency while delivering a reliable and distinctive flying experience. The airline remains focused on expanding connectivity across both domestic and international markets. Evolving Competitive Landscape in Indian Aviation The Indian aviation sector is witnessing increased competition and strategic realignments. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) has recently joined forces with Russia to manufacture the 100-seat Sukhoi Superjet-100 (SJ-100), potentially introducing a new competitor to established manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus in the regional jet segment. This development may prompt global aircraft producers to intensify their focus on cost-effective and efficient models to sustain market share in the region. In a related development, CDB Aviation, an Irish subsidiary of China Development Bank Financial Leasing Co., has completed the delivery of five Airbus A320neo Family aircraft to Mexican carrier Volaris. This brings the total number of aircraft leased by CDB Aviation to Volaris to 16, underscoring the ongoing rivalry between Boeing and Airbus for dominance in the global single-aisle market. As Akasa Air advances its fleet expansion, its partnership with BOC Aviation positions the airline to effectively navigate a rapidly evolving market landscape, balancing operational efficiency with the challenges posed by intensifying competition and shifting passenger expectations.

Online Travel Agencies Surpass Airlines in ChatGPT Travel Booking Searches The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence is fundamentally altering the way travelers search for and book flights. Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) have emerged as the primary beneficiaries of this shift, capturing a substantially larger share of referral traffic from ChatGPT’s AI-powered search compared to traditional airline websites. This development marks a significant transformation in the digital travel ecosystem. The Rise of OTAs in AI-Driven Travel Queries Data from September 2025 reveals that ChatGPT accounted for 2.3% of referral traffic to airline websites, an increase from 1.8% in August and a notable rise since the launch of ChatGPT Search in November 2024. Despite this growth, OTAs and metasearch engines dominate the AI-driven referral landscape, receiving approximately 95% of traffic related to airline bookings. This trend underscores a fundamental change in consumer behavior, with travelers increasingly relying on aggregated platforms rather than direct airline sources. ChatGPT’s flight-related responses predominantly favor OTAs and metasearch platforms such as Expedia and Kayak. A study conducted by PROS highlights that 74.6% of airline brand mentions within ChatGPT conversations do not include direct links, in stark contrast to just 8.8% for OTAs and 8.6% for metasearch sites. This discrepancy arises from the AI’s preference for platforms that provide comprehensive flight options and fare comparisons—capabilities that OTAs are uniquely positioned to offer. Unlike airline websites, which often present static or fragmented information, OTAs aggregate data from multiple carriers, enabling side-by-side comparisons that align with AI’s need for rich, comparative content. This aggregation facilitates easier indexing and recommendation by AI engines, thereby increasing OTAs’ visibility and referral traffic. Industry Implications and Market Dynamics The ascendancy of OTAs in AI-driven travel searches signals a broader industry transformation. As AI platforms like ChatGPT become central to travel planning, traditional search engines are diminishing in relevance for these queries. This shift has already resulted in a 20% to 30% decline in visibility for many OTAs and metasearch sites that previously depended heavily on Google and similar search engines, as AI-generated summaries increasingly supplant conventional search results. However, the rise of AI-powered booking tools also presents new challenges. OTAs face intensifying competition from emerging AI-driven direct booking solutions and may encounter resistance from traditional travel agencies striving to maintain their market share. To remain competitive, OTAs must continuously innovate and enhance user engagement, particularly as agentic AI technologies become more integrated into the booking process. Consumers are gravitating toward more personalized and AI-enhanced booking experiences, prompting airlines and traditional agencies to adopt similar AI technologies or upgrade their platforms. This evolving landscape is likely to ignite a competitive marketing battle between major chatbots and OTAs, carrying significant financial implications for both sectors. As AI continues to reshape travel search and booking, the balance of power within the industry is shifting rapidly, compelling all stakeholders to adapt or risk obsolescence.

Airbus Forecasts Demand for 2,600 New Aircraft in Latin America Over Two Decades TOULOUSE, France — Airbus has projected a substantial expansion in the Latin American and Caribbean aviation market, anticipating the need for more than 2,600 new aircraft over the next 20 years. Damien Sternchuss, Vice President and Head of Airline Marketing at Airbus Latin America & Caribbean, outlined this forecast during a recent event in Toulouse, attributing the growth to strong economic and demographic factors driving increased air travel in the region. Growth Drivers and Market Composition Sternchuss emphasized that aviation is essential in Latin America due to the region’s challenging geography and rapid urbanization. He forecasted steady growth, with domestic air travel expected to expand at an annual rate of 4.1%. By 2045, the market will require approximately 2,600 new aircraft, with single-aisle jets—primarily from the A320 family—comprising about 90% of deliveries. The remaining 10% will be widebody aircraft, including models such as the A330 and A350, to support the growth of international routes. Airbus currently commands a dominant position in the region, operating 870 aircraft, which represents over half of the total fleet. The company also maintains a backlog of 450 aircraft for Latin American carriers, including the recently established Abra Group. Sternchuss highlighted the strategic advantage of Airbus’s modern product line, particularly the A320 family, which he described as the “most successful aircraft ever.” The A320’s performance at high-altitude airports, such as Bogotá, has set industry benchmarks, with the aircraft family accounting for 70% of operations at these challenging locations. Innovation and Competitive Landscape Sternchuss drew attention to the A321XLR, describing it as a “low-risk route opener” that enables airlines to explore new international markets with the cost efficiencies of a single-aisle aircraft. This model offers approximately 30% lower operating costs compared to previous-generation widebodies. In the widebody segment, the A350 stands out for its advanced construction, utilizing 70% advanced materials, including over 50% composites, which contribute to a 25% reduction in fuel consumption relative to older aircraft models. Despite Airbus’s strong position, the company faces increasing competition in the Latin American market. Boeing is expected to recalibrate its strategies to protect its market share, while China’s COMAC, despite delays linked to US-China trade tensions, is positioning itself as a potential future competitor. These evolving dynamics may influence airline purchasing decisions, particularly as the A320 family remains the world’s most-delivered aircraft. Additionally, global trends in freighter fleet expansion, especially in North America and the Asia-Pacific region, could affect fleet planning and market conditions in Latin America. Regional Commitment and Support Infrastructure Beyond aircraft sales, Airbus has established a significant presence in Latin America, employing over 1,300 people across 17 sites in five countries. The company operates major training centers in Brazil, Mexico, and Chile, underscoring its commitment to supporting regional airlines. Sternchuss noted that this infrastructure positions Airbus to assist carriers as they navigate the opportunities and challenges presented by a rapidly evolving aviation market.

Airbus Executive Discusses A320 Market Position, Supply Chain Challenges, and Future Plans A320 Surpasses Boeing 737 in Deliveries At Airbus’s Saint-Martin facility in Toulouse, France, Executive Vice President International Wouter van Wersch marked a significant achievement for the company: the A320 family has become the most-delivered jetliner in history, overtaking Boeing’s 737. This milestone underscores Airbus’s leading role in commercial aviation and reflects changing market preferences, as airlines increasingly opt for the A320’s versatile design to address rising fuel costs and growing passenger demand. Van Wersch highlighted the accomplishment as a testament to Airbus’s engineering excellence. “We surpassed the Boeing 737 in terms of deliveries not so long ago. That’s a major milestone for us and a tribute to all the great work by our engineers,” he stated. The A320’s rise has been further bolstered by Boeing’s recent production difficulties, which have allowed Airbus to expand its market share. Managing Demand Amid Supply Chain Constraints Airbus currently faces the challenge of fulfilling an unprecedented backlog of 8,600 aircraft across its portfolio, including 7,000 jets from the A320neo family. Van Wersch acknowledged the pressure to increase production rates, with a target of manufacturing 75 A320-family aircraft per month. Both Airbus and Boeing are actively encouraging suppliers to scale up capacity to meet this surging demand. “The supply chain is a real bottleneck,” Van Wersch admitted. “We are doing fairly well as a company, but we will continue to improve the aircraft, bringing in the latest technologies and ideas. It’s a very young platform with great potential to grow further.” This focus on innovation is central to Airbus’s strategy as it seeks to maintain momentum despite global supply challenges. Strategic Emphasis on Latin America and Sustainability Van Wersch emphasized Latin America’s strategic importance to Airbus, noting the company’s dominant market presence in the region. Approximately 75 percent of aircraft operating in Latin America are Airbus models, with a substantial backlog for regional carriers. The Abra Group alone is awaiting delivery of 138 aircraft, while more than 400 Airbus jets are currently on order across the continent. “Latin America is extremely high on the agenda,” Van Wersch said. “We have a good presence, but we think we can do more, especially in key countries like Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina.” Airbus’s commitment extends beyond commercial aviation, as the company also aims to expand its defense and helicopter operations in the region. In addition, Van Wersch identified Latin America as a potential leader in aviation’s green transition, particularly through the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). He estimated that SAF could contribute to approximately 50 percent of the sector’s decarbonization efforts, with countries such as Brazil playing a pivotal role. Future Outlook As Airbus celebrates the A320’s record-breaking success, the company remains focused on addressing supply chain challenges and investing in next-generation technologies. These include innovations such as open fan engines and hydrogen propulsion, which are expected to shape the future of aviation. The A320’s milestone not only reflects evolving airline preferences but also highlights the intense competition driving the global aerospace industry forward.

GE's Giant: The Bellwether Engine That Reinvented the Logistics, Economics, and Aesthetics of Jet Travel A Milestone in Aviation History The GE90 jet engine, now a foundational element of modern commercial aviation, originated from an ambitious initiative in the early 1990s. On February 2, 1995, after years of rigorous development, aviation executives and regulators convened at GE Aviation’s Ohio headquarters to witness a defining moment: the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officially certified the GE90 as airworthy. Phillip Rambo, a senior engineer on the program at the time, recalls the intense effort behind this achievement, describing it as “years of blood, sweat and tears.” The certification was promptly sent to Seattle, where a Boeing 777 awaited its inaugural test flight powered by the new engine. This flight marked the beginning of a transformative era in commercial aviation. The GE90 enabled large, widebody jets to traverse vast distances with only two engines instead of four, significantly reducing fuel consumption and maintenance costs for airlines. This innovation not only enhanced the efficiency and affordability of long-haul travel but also accelerated the gradual phase-out of iconic four-engine aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380. Technological Innovation and Industry Impact Over the past 25 years, the GE90 has established itself as a benchmark in jet engine technology. More than 2,800 units have been produced, powering Boeing 777 aircraft on routes that have collectively covered nearly 56 billion miles—equivalent to approximately 300 round trips to the sun. An estimated 2.5 billion passengers have flown on GE90-powered planes, which have also transported around 143 billion pounds of freight. The engine’s legacy includes pioneering advancements such as lightweight composite fan blades and the integration of 3D-printed components, innovations that have since become industry standards. Jim Elliot, a principal engineer at GE, notes that the GE90 “has exceeded all expectations and become the envy of the industry.” Its status as the world’s most powerful aircraft engine endured until the introduction of GE’s own GE9X. Despite this, the GE90 remains the benchmark against which other engines are measured, underscoring its lasting influence on aviation technology. Financial Success and Market Influence The technological triumph of the GE90 has translated into significant financial gains for GE Aerospace. In 2025, the company’s stock reached a record high, closing at approximately $304 on October 24, representing an 82% increase year-to-date. This surge has been driven by a global boom in jet-engine demand, strong aftermarket sales, and a shortage of new aircraft, prompting GE Aerospace to raise its profit forecast to the highest level in nearly a decade. Robust second-quarter results, including substantial increases in revenue, adjusted earnings per share, and free cash flow, have further strengthened investor confidence. As the GE90 surpasses 100 million flight hours and celebrates a quarter-century of service, its impact resonates not only in the skies but also on financial markets. The engine that redefined the economics and aesthetics of jet travel continues to propel innovation and growth for GE Aerospace, affirming its enduring role as an industry bellwether.

Mexico’s Volaris Expects Engine Issues to End by Year-End 2027 Ongoing Engine Challenges and Recovery Outlook Volaris, the Mexican ultra-low-cost carrier, anticipates that the operational disruptions caused by Pratt & Whitney engine recalls will cease to have significant impacts on its fleet by the end of 2027. Chief Financial Officer Jaime Pous conveyed this outlook during the airline’s third-quarter investor call, noting that the average number of aircraft grounded due to engine problems is expected to decline to between 25 and 27 by the close of 2026. Pous reaffirmed the company’s previous guidance, emphasizing the expectation of “no material impacts” related to aircraft on ground (AOG) issues stemming from engine faults by the end of 2027. The recall of Pratt & Whitney’s geared turbofan (GTF) engines has severely affected Volaris, at times grounding approximately two-thirds of its fleet. In the third quarter of 2025, the airline reported an average of 36 aircraft grounded monthly due to engine-related complications. Volaris has incorporated anticipated compensation for these grounded aircraft into its financial planning, reflecting the significant operational challenges posed by the recall. Industry-Wide Impact and Volaris’s Strategic Position The engine issues affecting Volaris are part of a broader disruption within the aviation sector. LATAM Airlines Group’s CEO, Roberto Alvo, recently cautioned that capacity constraints linked to ongoing engine problems could persist until the end of the decade. Similarly, carriers such as Air New Zealand have reported financial losses attributed to engine difficulties compounded by weak demand, underscoring the widespread nature of these challenges. Volaris operates a fleet of 152 aircraft across all its Air Operator Certificates (AOCs), with an average fleet age of 6.6 years. Approximately two-thirds of its aircraft are next-generation models. In the recent quarter, the airline officially retired its Airbus A319-100 fleet, signaling a strategic shift toward newer, more efficient aircraft. Looking forward, Volaris remains committed to long-term growth despite current headwinds. The airline holds an order book for 122 Airbus A320neo-family aircraft, and its growth strategy already accounts for the phased return of grounded planes following engine maintenance. The company maintains flexibility with Airbus to adjust delivery schedules and with lessors to extend leases or acquire aircraft after lease expiration, providing resilience amid ongoing uncertainty. Financial Performance Amid Challenges Financially, Volaris reported total operating revenues of USD 784 million and a net profit of USD 6 million for the first three quarters of 2025. This represents a sharp decline of 83.8% compared to the USD 37 million net profit recorded during the same period in 2024, reflecting the operational and financial pressures resulting from the engine recalls. Despite these setbacks, Volaris’s strategic emphasis on fleet flexibility and investment in newer aircraft positions the airline to recover as engine issues are resolved and grounded aircraft return to service.