JetBlue Sells 12 Embraer E190s Ahead of Fleet Retirement

United Airlines Resumes Operations Following Nationwide Software Disruption United Airlines restored its flight operations late Wednesday after a significant software outage temporarily grounded numerous flights and caused widespread travel disruptions across the United States. The incident affected over 1,000 flights and led to extensive delays at key hubs including Chicago O’Hare, Denver, and Houston. Details of the Outage and Its Impact The disruption began at 5:12 p.m. Central Time on August 6, 2025, originating from a failure in United’s Unimatic system. This critical platform is responsible for distributing flight information to various operational systems, including those managing aircraft weight and balance calculations and tracking flight times. The failure halted departing flights for several hours, triggering a cascade of delays and cancellations throughout United’s network. By Wednesday evening, United confirmed that the technical issue had been resolved. In an official statement, the airline acknowledged that while residual delays were expected, efforts were underway to restore normal operations. United also clarified that the outage was unrelated to recent cybersecurity incidents affecting the airline industry. Flight tracking data from FlightAware indicated that 1,093 United flights—approximately 35% of its schedule—were delayed on Wednesday, with an additional 218 flights, or 7%, canceled. Delays continued into Thursday, with 5% of flights delayed and 4% canceled. At major airports such as Chicago O’Hare, Houston, and Newark, aircraft were observed waiting on taxiways either for departure clearance or available gates to disembark passengers. Passenger Experience and Operational Response Passengers endured prolonged waits on the tarmac, during which flight attendants distributed snacks and water to alleviate discomfort. At Washington Dulles International Airport, a United flight bound for Mexico City returned to the gate after nearly three hours on the tarmac, allowing passengers to disembark and stretch their legs in the terminal while awaiting further updates. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) confirmed that ground stops were temporarily implemented for United flights at several major airports, including Denver, Houston, Newark, San Francisco, and Chicago. Importantly, the FAA emphasized that there was no risk to aircraft already in flight during the outage. In response to the disruption, United announced it would waive change fees for affected travelers with bookings between August 7 and August 10. This policy applies to flights involving 14 cities, including Washington, Houston, London, and Frankfurt. Industry Context and Outlook This incident follows closely on the heels of a similar technology failure experienced by Alaska Air Group two weeks prior, which temporarily grounded its entire fleet. The recent disruption at United has heightened concerns within the industry regarding airline reliability and customer satisfaction. Competitors are reportedly monitoring the situation closely, potentially seeking strategic or public relations opportunities. As the world’s largest airline by capacity, United is now focused on stabilizing its operations and minimizing further disruptions to its customers.

ELFC Signs Agreement to Acquire 50 LEAP Engines from CFM Engine Lease Finance Corporation (ELFC), headquartered in Shannon, Ireland, has formalized a significant purchase agreement with CFM International to acquire 50 LEAP spare engines. Announced on August 7, 2025, the deal encompasses both LEAP-1A and LEAP-1B models and represents the largest single transaction in ELFC’s history. This acquisition further solidifies the enduring partnership between ELFC and CFM, which has been in place since 1992. Expanding ELFC’s Engine Portfolio Currently managing a fleet exceeding 200 CFM56 and LEAP engines, ELFC’s addition of these advanced LEAP engines will considerably enhance its portfolio. The LEAP engines are recognized for their cutting-edge technology and environmental efficiency, delivering a 15% improvement in fuel consumption compared to earlier CFM56 models. This acquisition aligns with ELFC’s strategic commitment to promoting sustainable aviation by offering customers access to newer, more efficient engines that contribute to reduced emissions and lower operational costs. Market Dynamics and Industry Challenges The agreement arrives amid evolving market conditions and emerging challenges. The rapid increase in LEAP engine deliveries is exerting pressure on existing maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) networks, with industry experts highlighting the urgent need to expand servicing capabilities to accommodate the growing LEAP fleet. Furthermore, heightened demand for LEAP engines from competitors, including GE Aerospace, is intensifying competition within the market. Recent regulatory developments, such as the removal of export restrictions on GE Aerospace and CFM engines to China, are anticipated to influence global supply and demand dynamics, potentially increasing the worldwide availability of LEAP engines. Strategic Significance and Industry Impact Despite these complexities, ELFC regards the transaction as a pivotal advancement. Richard Hough, ELFC’s President and CEO, described the agreement as “a milestone for ELFC,” underscoring the company’s objective to “provide competitive spare engine support to customers worldwide.” Hough emphasized the deal’s role in enhancing ELFC’s capacity to meet global demand with the latest engine technology. Gaël Méheust, President and CEO of CFM International, highlighted that the agreement will improve fleet planning flexibility for LEAP engine operators and boost asset availability. As the aviation sector continues to evolve, ELFC’s investment reaffirms its position as a forward-looking leader in the spare engine leasing market, committed to delivering modern, high-performance solutions amid shifting market conditions.

Rajiv Bansal Joins Sarla Aviation as Strategic Advisor Rajiv Bansal, the former Civil Aviation Secretary and ex-Managing Director of Air India, has been appointed as a strategic advisor to Sarla Aviation, a Bengaluru-based air-taxi startup. Bringing over thirty years of experience in aviation policy and operations, Bansal is anticipated to play a crucial role in shaping the company’s regulatory strategy, certification processes, and stakeholder engagement as it prepares for its next phase of expansion. Steering Sarla Aviation’s Growth and Innovation Founded in 2023 and named after Sarla Thukral, India’s first woman pilot, Sarla Aviation is dedicated to advancing urban air mobility solutions and next-generation aircraft systems. The company recently showcased its six-seater electric air taxi prototype, Shunya, at the Bharat Mobility Expo 2025 in Delhi. Earlier this year, Sarla secured more than USD 12 million in funding from prominent investors including Accel, Nikhil Kamath, Sriharsha Majety, and Binny Bansal. Bansal’s appointment marks a significant milestone as Sarla transitions from engineering development to real-world deployment and flight testing. His leadership is expected to enhance the company’s regulatory engagement, ensuring alignment with aviation authorities and fostering collaboration with key stakeholders such as airports and city administrations. “India is at a pivotal point in aviation, with the talent, ambition, and urgency to build sovereign aerospace capabilities,” Bansal remarked. “Sarla’s bold, full-stack approach—designing, engineering, and building next-generation aircraft entirely in India—represents both national strength and technological leadership. I’m proud to support a team that’s thinking long-term, building fearlessly, and setting a new benchmark for Indian innovation.” Challenges and Industry Implications Despite the optimism surrounding Bansal’s new role, the challenges ahead are considerable. Navigating the complexities of the aviation sector, addressing operational inefficiencies, and ensuring that strategic initiatives align with Sarla Aviation’s long-term objectives will be critical. The company aims to introduce flying taxis in major Indian cities such as Bengaluru, Mumbai, Delhi, and Pune, contributing to the nation’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision. Achieving these ambitions will require meticulous coordination across regulatory, technical, and operational domains. Market response to Bansal’s appointment has been largely positive, with increased investor confidence and speculation about potential operational improvements. Industry analysts suggest that competitors may intensify their efforts to maintain market share, possibly through new partnerships or innovation-driven initiatives. Adrian Schmidt, Co-founder and CEO of Sarla Aviation, emphasized the significance of Bansal’s addition to the team, stating, “It’s an incredibly important step for Sarla to welcome Mr. Rajiv Bansal to our team and our mission. His experience will be instrumental in helping us mature our processes and strengthen our approach as we build India’s first privately held full-stack aviation OEM.” As Sarla Aviation advances its vision of safe, clean, and accessible air mobility across India, Bansal’s expertise is expected to be a vital asset in navigating the evolving urban aviation landscape and establishing new industry standards.

Chinese Manufacturer Unveils All-Electric Flying Car Planned for Mass Production A New Era in Urban Mobility China’s GAC Group has unveiled the Govy AirCab, its first all-electric flying car designed for mass production, marking a significant advancement in the development of urban air transportation. This two-seater electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicle is engineered for short-range urban flights, offering a range of nearly 19 miles per charge alongside ultra-fast charging capabilities. Currently undergoing trial flights, GAC aims to commence mass production and begin customer deliveries by 2026. The AirCab targets what GAC describes as the “low-altitude economy,” a sector that includes air taxis and small private aircraft. This market is projected by Morgan Stanley to reach a staggering $9 trillion globally by 2050. Priced at approximately 1.69 million yuan (around $233,000), the AirCab incorporates advanced features such as 5G connectivity, voice-activated assistants, cloud-based smart controls, and customizable cabin environments that adjust temperature, music, and even scent to passenger preferences. Technological Innovation and Safety Features The AirCab is equipped with Level 4 ground autonomy, enabling it to operate independently under certain conditions while detecting obstacles from distances exceeding 984 feet. Safety considerations are paramount; in emergency situations, the passenger cabin can detach from the main body of the vehicle. Constructed almost entirely from carbon fiber, the AirCab is notably lightweight, and its high-density cylindrical batteries facilitate rapid charging. These technological attributes aim to make short urban flights as convenient and routine as a typical lunch break. Challenges and Competitive Landscape Despite its promising technology, GAC faces considerable challenges. Regulatory approval for flying vehicles remains a complex and evolving issue worldwide, with airspace integration and safety standards still under development. The company also confronts intense competition from global players such as Virgin Atlantic, Joby Aviation, and Beta Technologies, all of which are advancing their own eVTOL projects. Within China, domestic automakers including XPeng and EHang are similarly racing to develop comparable vehicles, heightening the technological rivalry. Market acceptance presents another significant hurdle. While Chinese electric vehicles have made inroads in Europe—capturing, for instance, a 10% market share in Norway—the adoption of flying cars by consumers remains uncertain. In the United States, established automakers have responded cautiously, often employing trade protections to counter the expanding influence of Chinese firms in the electric and autonomous mobility sectors. Environmental and Future Implications If widely adopted, electric flying cars like the AirCab could contribute to reducing emissions associated with traditional gas-powered transportation, offering a more environmentally sustainable and efficient alternative for urban travel. The AirCab thus provides a glimpse into a future where innovative and sustainable transport solutions may fundamentally transform urban mobility. As the race to dominate the skies intensifies, GAC’s entry signals the growing momentum behind the development of electric flying vehicles.

KLM and Pilot Union VNV Reach Landmark Agreement to Boost Operations KLM and the Dutch pilot union VNV have finalized a comprehensive preliminary agreement designed to enhance the airline’s operational capacity, financial stability, and prospects for future growth. This accord is projected to enable KLM to operate over 10,000 additional flights, thereby accommodating millions of extra passengers and reinforcing the airline’s competitive standing in the global market. Key Provisions of the Agreement Under the terms of the agreement, KLM pilots will commit to working one additional day per month during the summer of 2026. Furthermore, the airline will be authorized to schedule pilots for an extra day per quarter on weekends. These measures aim to address staffing challenges during peak travel periods, a persistent issue in the aviation sector amid fluctuating demand. To manage immediate staffing shortfalls, temporary arrangements will be implemented, including adjustments to pilots’ vacation schedules until all positions are fully staffed. The agreement also grants KLM greater flexibility in scheduling mandatory simulator training and examinations during pilots’ weekends. This provision is intended to enable the airline to respond promptly to market demand shifts and maintain efficient pilot staffing. Additionally, the deal facilitates the rapid introduction of the Airbus A350 into KLM’s fleet. This aircraft, noted for its quieter operation and improved fuel efficiency, will feature extended beds in the pilot rest area tailored specifically for taller Dutch crew members, allowing deployment on KLM’s longest routes. In recognition of the increased workload, pilots will receive appropriate compensation. A notable enhancement includes the formalization of the existing benefit that allows pilots to travel at a discounted rate once per year, which will now become a permanent entitlement. Implications and Challenges Ahead While the agreement represents a significant advancement for KLM, it also introduces potential operational challenges. The airline will need to carefully manage the implementation of new union provisions to maintain efficiency. Industry analysts are expected to closely monitor KLM’s ability to balance cost-control efforts with employee satisfaction as it strives to improve financial performance. Moreover, the strengthened position of KLM may prompt competitors to reassess their own labor policies and service strategies in response. This agreement is poised to influence KLM’s future negotiations and operational planning, with important ramifications for its market positioning and long-term financial health. By investing in its workforce and enhancing operational flexibility, KLM aims to secure sustainable growth and reinforce its status within the highly competitive airline industry.

ANA Introduces AI Technology to Predict Turbulence with 86% Accuracy Advancing Flight Safety through Artificial Intelligence All Nippon Airways (ANA) has implemented a pioneering artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to predict turbulence with an accuracy rate of 86 percent, marking a significant advancement in aviation safety and passenger comfort. Developed in collaboration with BlueWX, a company born from a partnership with Keio University, the system utilizes deep learning algorithms trained on a decade of turbulence data. This initiative positions ANA as the first airline to deploy BlueWX’s technology fleet-wide following successful trials involving 2,500 pilots. The project, which began in 2019 and culminated in the establishment of BlueWX in 2023, addresses a longstanding challenge in the airline industry. Hiroyuki Kometani, ANA’s Executive Vice President of Operation Division, emphasized the importance of this development, stating that the integration of AI and deep learning techniques will provide a more reliable and comfortable travel experience for passengers. The AI model demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional turbulence forecasting methods during extensive testing phases that started in 2021, with pilots reporting enhanced reliability and real-world effectiveness. Addressing a Growing Safety Concern Turbulence remains a critical safety and operational issue for airlines globally. According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), turbulence is responsible for 30 to 50 percent of aviation incidents, with recent years witnessing serious injuries and fatalities, including the death of a British passenger in 2024. Beyond the immediate safety risks, turbulence contributes to significant economic losses through cargo damage, equipment repairs, and delays caused by unscheduled inspections. Kaz Watanabe, CEO of BlueWX, highlighted the increasing severity of turbulence, partly attributed to climate change, and underscored the urgency of deploying advanced predictive technologies. While ANA’s AI system represents a major technological breakthrough, the airline acknowledges ongoing challenges in maintaining the model’s accuracy and reliability across diverse flight conditions and altitudes. Ensuring consistent performance in varying weather scenarios will be essential as the system is integrated more broadly. Industry Impact and Future Prospects The introduction of this AI-powered turbulence prediction system has been met with positive market reactions, with expectations that it will enhance passenger confidence and potentially increase demand for ANA’s services. Industry analysts anticipate that other airlines may accelerate the development and adoption of similar AI technologies to improve their turbulence forecasting capabilities, aiming to match ANA’s gains in operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Looking forward, BlueWX intends to expand its AI-driven weather forecasting solutions to additional airlines, seeking to elevate safety standards and operational effectiveness throughout the aviation sector. This development signals a broader shift towards leveraging artificial intelligence to address complex challenges in air travel.

Daher Aircraft Establishes Permanent Base in Brazil Amid Growing Demand Daher Aircraft has officially opened a permanent office in São Paulo, marking a strategic expansion of its operations within Brazil. This development responds to increasing demand for the company’s TBM and Kodiak turboprop aircraft, which have gained traction among Brazilian operators due to their notable performance and versatility. Strategic Expansion and Local Presence The new São Paulo office will function as Daher’s central hub in Brazil, managing customer relations, aftersales support, and business development activities for both the TBM and Kodiak aircraft lines. By establishing a local base, Daher aims to strengthen its proximity to clients and provide more responsive, tailored services to current and prospective aircraft owners throughout the country. Nicolas Chabbert, CEO of Daher’s Aircraft division, emphasized the alignment of the company’s offerings with Brazil’s aviation needs. He noted, “With a thriving general aviation community and increasing demand for both high-performance and utility aircraft, our TBM and Kodiak are perfectly aligned with the operational needs across Brazil. Establishing a local presence will enable us to support our customers more directly, and it signals our intent to grow with Brazil’s aviation future.” Market Position and Challenges Daher’s expansion into Brazil represents a significant milestone, positioning the company to deepen its market penetration and contribute meaningfully to the development of general aviation in the region. The TBM is widely recognized for its speed, fuel efficiency, and high-performance capabilities, while the Kodiak is valued for its ruggedness and adaptability in challenging environments. These attributes suit Brazil’s diverse geography and operational demands, ranging from business travel to remote logistical support. Nonetheless, Daher faces several challenges in establishing its permanent base. Navigating Brazil’s complex regulatory framework and logistical environment will require meticulous planning and local expertise. The company must also build a robust support infrastructure to meet the expectations of Brazilian customers. Furthermore, Daher enters a competitive market dominated by established manufacturers such as Bombardier and Textron Aviation, which may respond with enhanced service offerings or targeted marketing efforts to protect their market share. Market analysts suggest that Daher’s local presence could stimulate greater interest among Brazilian business aviation customers, potentially altering the competitive dynamics. By bringing its expertise and support closer to operators, Daher is positioning itself for sustained engagement in this rapidly growing market. The São Paulo office underscores Daher’s commitment to delivering efficient and customized services to Brazilian aviation operators, reflecting the company’s ambition to play an increasingly prominent role in the country’s dynamic general aviation sector.

Werner Aero Expands E-Jet Fleet with 12-Aircraft Purchase Strategic Acquisition Strengthens Market Position Werner Aero has announced a significant expansion of its Embraer E-Jet fleet through the acquisition of 12 Embraer E190-100 airframes along with twelve CF34-10E6 engines from JetBlue Airways. Scheduled for delivery between June 2025 and February 2026 at Ascent Aviation’s facility in Pinal Airpark, Marana, Arizona, this transaction marks a pivotal enhancement of Werner Aero’s capabilities within the competitive global aviation aftermarket, particularly in the high-demand E-Jet segment. Tony Kondo, CEO of Werner Aero, emphasized the strategic importance of the acquisition, stating that it reflects the company’s ongoing commitment to supporting the E-Jet platform. He highlighted that the addition of these aircraft will enable Werner Aero to provide customers with greater access to quality assets, thereby improving fleet reliability and reducing operational costs. Enhancing Service Portfolio Amidst Industry Competition The integration of these new aircraft and engines is expected to bolster Werner Aero’s portfolio of dependable, high-quality aviation assets, allowing the company to better serve airlines operating E-Jets. Werner Aero has established itself as a leader in aviation asset management and logistical support, with a robust global presence and a reputation for excellence in customer service. The company specializes in tailored transportation solutions for commercial aircraft across platforms including the A320, B737NG, E-Jet, and CRJ families. Its adherence to rigorous industry standards is demonstrated by its ISO 9001 certification and FAA AC0056B approval. Nonetheless, the incorporation of the new E-Jets into Werner Aero’s existing operations presents challenges. The company must ensure full compliance with aviation regulations and effectively manage the operational costs associated with the expanded fleet. Successfully navigating these complexities will be essential to maintaining Werner Aero’s standing for reliability and operational efficiency. The market for E-Jet support is becoming increasingly competitive, with rivals such as Elevate Jet and KlasJet actively expanding their fleets and service offerings. KlasJet has recently entered the Asian market, while Elevate Jet has secured certification to operate VIP airliners. These developments suggest that Werner Aero’s acquisition may trigger intensified competition as other players seek to scale their operations in response. Aligning Growth Strategy with Market Demand Despite the competitive landscape and integration challenges, Werner Aero’s acquisition aligns closely with its broader growth strategy. By expanding both its inventory and service capabilities, the company aims to meet the evolving demands of airline customers worldwide. As the need for E-Jet support continues to grow, Werner Aero is positioning itself as a critical partner in enhancing operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness across the aviation sector.

THAI Signs Memorandum of Understanding with Global Maintenance Service Provider Thai Airways International Public Company Limited (THAI) has formalized a strategic partnership with AAR Component Services (Thailand) Limited (AAR) through a memorandum of understanding (MOU) aimed at enhancing airframe-related component (ARC) and equipment maintenance operations. Announced by Mr. Cherdphan Chotikun, Chief Technical Officer of THAI, the agreement establishes a framework for resource sharing and collaboration to bolster maintenance capabilities for both companies. Strategic Collaboration to Enhance Maintenance Operations The MOU outlines plans for the joint development of ARC facilities to service THAI’s fleet as well as external customers. AAR, a prominent U.S.-based maintenance service provider, brings extensive expertise in maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO), ARC repair, component logistics, and fleet support. Its operations hold certifications from key regulatory authorities, including the Federal Aviation Administration, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand. This partnership allows both THAI and AAR to leverage each other’s repair facilities, particularly during periods of operational constraints, thereby minimizing disruptions and improving efficiency in servicing critical components such as integrated drive generators, power drive units, heat exchangers, auxiliary power units, and line replacement units. The collaboration aligns with THAI’s broader technical strategy to expand its capabilities in airport operations, equipment, and component services. Challenges and Market Implications Despite the promising outlook, the partnership faces several challenges. Securing regulatory approvals will be essential to ensure compliance with both international and local aviation standards. Integrating AAR’s operations with THAI’s existing maintenance processes will require careful coordination to maintain seamless service delivery. Additionally, managing the financial implications of increased operational expenses may pose concerns for investors, especially amid intensified competition from other maintenance providers in the region. Market analysts anticipate that competitors may respond by enhancing their own service offerings or forming new alliances to safeguard market share. This evolving environment could drive further consolidation and innovation within Thailand’s MRO sector. THAI’s Broader Maintenance Infrastructure Expansion The MOU forms part of THAI’s comprehensive plan to strengthen its maintenance infrastructure. Mr. Chai Eamsiri, Chief Executive Officer of THAI, has previously expressed the company’s intent to attract MRO-related entrepreneurs—including ARC manufacturers, distributors, and aircraft cleaners—for potential joint ventures. The Eastern Economic Corridor Office of Thailand (EECO) has requested THAI to submit a detailed proposal by September, with construction of new facilities slated to begin in 2027 and an estimated investment of THB 10 billion. The planned MRO project will span approximately 210 rai, with Bangkok Airways Public Company Limited managing 30 rai and THAI overseeing the remainder, reflecting the size of its fleet. Importantly, the cooperation between THAI and Bangkok Airways is structured as an allocation of operational areas rather than a joint venture, allowing each airline to independently invest, set policies, and manage revenue. This approach is intended to enhance operational agility. THAI’s expansion of its MRO capabilities is designed to support a projected fleet growth to 150 aircraft by 2033, while also extending maintenance services to third-party customers. The collaboration with AAR is expected to significantly contribute to advancing Thailand’s aviation industry standards and reinforcing the country’s position as a regional MRO hub.

The Science Behind AI Pricing for Airlines In the airline industry, the value of an unsold seat vanishes the moment a flight departs, making revenue management (RM) a critical and complex endeavor. For more than five decades, RM has centered on aligning ticket prices with passenger demand to maximize revenue from every available seat. The rise of low-cost carriers around the turn of the millennium disrupted traditional pricing models by introducing unbundled fares and more dynamic, last-minute pricing strategies. Major global events such as the September 11 attacks, the financial crisis of 2008, and the COVID-19 pandemic further exposed the limitations of conventional class-based forecasting, underscoring the need for more flexible, data-driven approaches. Today, airlines operate in an environment characterized by largely fixed costs and razor-thin profit margins, typically ranging between 3% and 5%, according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Within this context, even marginal improvements in forecasting accuracy and pricing precision can translate into significant competitive advantages. AI-Driven Pricing: Opportunities and Challenges Artificial intelligence has emerged as a transformative force in airline pricing, enabling carriers to implement more flexible, customer-centric strategies such as continuous pricing and advanced Offer and Order Management (OOM). AI-powered systems can process vast volumes of data in real time, allowing airlines to dynamically adjust fares in response to fluctuating demand, competitor pricing, and broader market conditions. Despite these advantages, the adoption of AI in airline pricing has not been without controversy. For instance, Delta Air Lines’ deployment of AI-driven fare pricing sparked consumer backlash and distrust. Customers expressed concerns about the potential for personalized and predatory pricing, fearing that AI might set fares based on individual willingness to pay or personal data. Although Delta denied using AI to tailor prices to individual customers, the initial lack of transparency fueled skepticism and negative public reactions. These concerns have led other airlines to proceed cautiously, adopting similar AI technologies while emphasizing transparency and fairness to maintain consumer trust. The ethical implications of AI-driven pricing remain under close scrutiny, particularly regarding the risk of discriminatory pricing practices. As airlines increasingly rely on AI to optimize revenue, clear communication and robust safeguards are essential to address public concerns and ensure the ethical application of these technologies. As the industry advances toward more sophisticated retailing models, the integration of AI into pricing strategies presents both significant opportunities and inherent risks. Airlines must carefully balance the pursuit of operational efficiency and profitability with the imperative of transparency and fairness, recognizing that consumer trust is as valuable as any seat sold.