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SAF Certification and ISCC Rules Reshape Aviation Supply Chains

SAF Certification and ISCC Rules Reshape Aviation Supply Chains
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) certification and adherence to ASTM and International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standards have emerged as pivotal factors in aviation fuel procurement, fundamentally transforming supply chains within the industry. Airlines and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) now mandate that SAF complies with ASTM D7566 specifications and holds recognized ISCC certification prior to acceptance. This evolution has shifted certification from a mere environmental formality to a critical logistical requirement.
Certification as a Supply Chain Bottleneck
This regulatory shift is compelling carriers and freight forwarders to revise procurement contracts, refueling strategies, and fleet deployment plans to ensure consistent availability, quality assurance, and accurate carbon-intensity (CI) reporting aligned with ISCC CORSIA and regional frameworks such as the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive III (RED III). Consequently, the supply chain has become more intricate, with certification processes emerging as potential bottlenecks that can delay fuel deliveries and disrupt operational continuity.
Industry Alignment and Market Response
Following the International Air Transport Association’s (IATA) commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, refiners, engine manufacturers, and airlines have coordinated investments and testing initiatives. Refiners and technology companies are scaling SAF production from a variety of feedstocks, while engine OEMs are conducting tests on higher SAF blend ratios and full 100% SAF compatibility. Logistics teams now face stringent requirements, including verifying ISCC chain-of-custody documentation before fuel is introduced into airport storage tanks, integrating CI data into fuel-cost models, and ensuring compliance within interline and third-party handling agreements.
The market is responding dynamically to these pressures. With projections estimating the global SAF market to reach $50 billion by 2036 and a significant growth inflection point anticipated after 2030, industry players are expanding supply networks and establishing new partnerships. Noteworthy developments include AEG Fuels’ agreement to supply four high-volume locations and the Jetex-Azzera collaboration aimed at enhancing SAF traceability in the Middle East. Regulatory initiatives, such as the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) draft framework for transitioning to unleaded aviation gasoline (avgas), further emphasize the sector’s commitment to sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Quality Control and Operational Implications
Airlines maintain stringent fuel quality standards, requiring SAF to meet the same rigorous criteria as conventional jet fuel under ASTM D1655, alongside additional ASTM D7566 specifications for alternative blendstocks. Certification now functions as a dual checkpoint: technical approval by OEMs and sustainability validation through ISCC. This dual certification determines supplier access to airports and the eligibility of fuel batches for commercial flight operations.
Feedstock, Cost, and Decarbonization Trade-offs
The choice of feedstock significantly influences both carbon-intensity reduction and production costs. Transitioning from palm oil to alternatives such as municipal waste or recycled carbon gases can markedly reduce life-cycle emissions but often introduces greater production complexity and higher prices. Cargo planners must carefully balance increased fuel costs against contractual emissions targets and customer expectations.
Palm oil, while offering a typical CI reduction of approximately 20–40%, benefits from relatively straightforward supply chains but faces growing sustainability scrutiny and regulatory challenges. Sugarcane provides a higher CI reduction range of 40–60%, though its seasonal variability affects shipment schedules and storage logistics. Municipal waste feedstocks can achieve CI reductions between 60–90%, but require the establishment of local collection networks and new transportation flows. Recycled carbon gases offer the most substantial reductions, ranging from 70–95%, yet involve high-technology processing and centralized production facilities that impact long-haul distribution logistics.
Certification Schemes and Operational Impact
The ISCC framework comprises three variants—ISCC PLUS (voluntary), ISCC EU (compliant with RED III), and ISCC CORSIA (aligned with international aviation standards)—each imposing distinct documentation, auditing, and traceability obligations. For logistics operations, these requirements translate into increased administrative workload, new audit schedules for fuel storage facilities, and potential delays if chain-of-custody documentation cannot be satisfactorily demonstrated.
Practical Steps and Innovation
To address these challenges, logistics teams are adopting electronic traceability systems to expedite ISCC audits, securing contingency fuel contracts to mitigate risks associated with single-source suppliers, and redesigning airport storage infrastructure to segregate certified SAF, blended fuels, and conventional jet fuel. As SAF certification and ISCC regulations become more stringent, innovation and collaboration within supply chains are proving essential for maintaining market access, ensuring regulatory compliance, and advancing the aviation industry’s broader decarbonization objectives.

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