Lufthansa launches major A380 cabin upgrade

IATA Identifies Supply Chain Disruptions as Aviation’s Primary Challenge In 2025, the global air transport industry encountered significant obstacles, with supply chain disruptions emerging as the foremost challenge, according to Willie Walsh, Director General of the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Walsh revealed that delays in the delivery of new aircraft and engines resulted in losses exceeding $11 billion for airlines last year, as carriers struggled to meet the surging demand for air travel. Impact of Supply Chain Disruptions on Airlines Walsh described supply chain issues as the most acute problem faced by airlines in 2025. The demand for travel outpaced the industry’s capacity, leading to repeated delays in aircraft and engine deliveries, shortages in maintenance resources, and escalating costs. These disruptions compelled airlines to extend the operational lifespan of existing aircraft and optimize flight utilization. With load factors approaching 84%, such measures helped manage peak demand temporarily. However, Walsh cautioned that these strategies are short-term fixes, emphasizing the necessity for a sustainable solution. He expressed optimism that 2025 represented the nadir of these challenges, with 2026 expected to show signs of recovery. The aviation sector’s supply chain difficulties are further exacerbated by broader industrial and geopolitical factors. Leading manufacturers such as Airbus and Boeing continue to face persistent bottlenecks. Additionally, tariffs, trade uncertainties, labor shortages, rising material costs, and volatility in freight markets have compounded logistical and operational strains. These issues have slowed the pace of airline traffic growth and complicated efforts to restore the industry to pre-pandemic levels. Growth Trends and the Dual Challenge of Decarbonization Data from IATA indicate that global air travel demand increased by 5.3% in 2025, with international traffic rising 7.1% and domestic travel growing by 2.4%. Following a sharp rebound after the pandemic, the industry has settled into more typical and sustainable growth rates. Nevertheless, this steady expansion has highlighted two critical challenges: the need for decarbonization and the persistence of supply chain instability. Walsh underscored decarbonization as the foundation for the industry’s long-term development, calling for urgent innovation and supportive government policies. He echoed the sentiments of industry leaders, including Bill Gates, advocating for accelerated advancements in the energy sector and increased production of sustainable aviation fuel. Walsh stressed that countries dependent on aviation for economic growth must implement fiscal policies that encourage these developments to ensure both environmental and economic sustainability. He further noted that every new aircraft delivered contributes to a quieter, more environmentally friendly fleet with greater capacity and expanded route options—outcomes eagerly anticipated by both airlines and passengers. As the aviation industry looks ahead to 2026, addressing supply chain disruptions and advancing decarbonization remain central to its strategic priorities.

Bastian Breitenmoser Appointed Vice President Commercial & Strategy at aviationscouts aviationscouts, a specialist in aircraft component solutions, has announced the appointment of Bastian Breitenmoser as Vice President Commercial & Strategy. In this capacity, Breitenmoser will be responsible for overseeing market development, managing customer-facing platforms, and driving the integration of commercial and technological capabilities across the Aerotec Group. Extensive Industry Experience Breitenmoser brings a wealth of experience to his new role, having co-founded and led Opremic, a company dedicated to digital systems for the aviation and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) sector. His career also includes significant commercial and digital leadership positions within the Lufthansa Group, as well as senior roles at airberlin and Sixt Rent a Car. Throughout his tenure, he has been instrumental in shaping commercial strategies, developing digital business models, and managing large-scale customer platforms. Frank Kusserow, CEO of the Aerotec Group, emphasized the strategic importance of this appointment, stating that the expansion of MRO activities necessitated a unified commercial strategy across the group. Breitenmoser’s expertise is expected to be central to achieving this alignment. Implications for the Aviation Talent Market Breitenmoser’s move to aviationscouts arrives amid intensifying competition in the aviation talent recruitment sector. Industry analysts suggest that his appointment may prompt rival firms specializing in aviation recruitment to reevaluate their approaches to attracting and retaining top talent. Given his background in leading commercial and digital initiatives at major airlines and aviation technology ventures, competitors may increase efforts to secure experienced professionals or explore strategic partnerships to maintain their market standing. Market observers anticipate that investors and stakeholders will closely monitor how Breitenmoser’s leadership influences trends within the aviation talent acquisition landscape. His role is particularly significant as aviationscouts and the Aerotec Group continue to expand their MRO operations and integrate commercial with technological functions. As the aviation industry navigates evolving market conditions, Breitenmoser’s leadership is poised to play a crucial role in shaping aviationscouts’ commercial strategy and reinforcing its position within the Aerotec Group.

T’way Air Receives First Boeing 737 MAX Aviation Capital Group LLC (ACG), a prominent global aircraft asset manager, has delivered a Boeing 737 MAX 8 to South Korean carrier T’way Air, marking the airline’s inaugural acquisition of this aircraft model. This delivery represents the first in a seven-aircraft leasing agreement, with the remaining 737 MAX 8s scheduled for arrival through 2026. Expansion and Fleet Modernization Established in 2010, T’way Air currently operates a fleet of 46 aircraft, serving more than 60 destinations across Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. The introduction of the 737 MAX 8 is a strategic move aimed at supporting the airline’s expansion plans and enhancing sustainable connectivity between South Korea and the rapidly growing Asia-Pacific aviation market. Tom Baker, CEO and President of ACG, emphasized the significance of this partnership, noting that the leased aircraft will bolster T’way’s efforts to connect South Korea sustainably with one of the world’s fastest-growing regions. The Boeing 737 MAX 8 accommodates up to 189 passengers and boasts a range of 3,500 nautical miles (6,480 kilometers). Boeing highlights the aircraft’s improved efficiency, citing a 20% reduction in fuel consumption and carbon emissions, alongside a 50% smaller noise footprint compared to earlier models. Powered by CFM International’s LEAP-1B engines, the 737 MAX 8 represents Boeing’s latest advancement in narrow-body aircraft technology. Safety Concerns and Industry Context T’way Air’s adoption of the 737 MAX comes amid ongoing scrutiny of the aircraft’s safety record, following previous high-profile incidents that resulted in global groundings. Although Boeing has since implemented comprehensive safety enhancements and resumed production, regulators and passengers remain vigilant regarding the aircraft’s operational performance. Restoring confidence in the 737 MAX is a critical priority for both manufacturers and airlines. This delivery also reflects broader industry dynamics, as Boeing intensifies efforts to increase production and reclaim market share from Airbus, which currently leads in total aircraft deliveries. Major carriers such as ANA, JAL, and Air India are similarly expanding their fleets with new Boeing and Airbus models, heightening competition in key aviation markets. As T’way Air integrates the 737 MAX 8 into its operations, it joins a growing cohort of airlines investing in next-generation aircraft to drive operational efficiency and support growth, while navigating evolving regulatory and market challenges.

Joramco Details AI-Driven Paperless Transformation at PAM MENA Embracing a Fully Paperless Maintenance Environment At the inaugural PAM MENA conference in Dubai, Joramco presented an in-depth overview of its transition to a fully paperless maintenance environment, underscoring the critical role of artificial intelligence (AI) within its comprehensive digital transformation strategy. Shakespear Nyamande, head of Joramco’s paperless digitalisation project, explained how the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) provider is harnessing data, automation, and AI to minimize errors, accelerate turnaround times, and improve operational decision-making. Nyamande highlighted that the shift to paperless operations has significantly enhanced efficiency, allowing the company to concentrate on continuous progress. Central to Joramco’s digital journey is the alignment of personnel, processes, and systems to better manage maintenance manhours and operational complexity. Key initiatives include live manhour booking and reporting by trade, progressive contract settlement for non-routine work, and a close partnership with ERP provider EmpowerMX to develop MRO-specific digital modules. Integration of Material and Tooling Processes with AI Support Joramco has integrated material and tooling processes directly into maintenance execution, supported by automated replenishment, pre-load management, and standardized bills of material for routine tasks. Real-time dashboards now offer comprehensive visibility into turnaround times, work progress, and budget performance. AI-enabled checks during paperwork completion help eliminate common errors such as missing stamps or signatures, further reducing operational risks. The company reports that its paperless approach is already yielding measurable benefits in regulatory compliance, productivity, safety, and cost control. Digital work packs facilitate easier audits and enhance the quality of maintenance records, while remote access to workflows reduces the need for on-site customer representatives and enables faster, data-driven decision-making. Challenges and Industry Impact Despite these advancements, Joramco’s transformation has encountered challenges, including substantial investments in technology and workforce training, as well as resistance from employees accustomed to traditional methods. The company has also prioritized robust data governance and cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive information amid increasing digitalization. Market response to Joramco’s AI-driven strategy has been predominantly positive, with growing investor confidence in the long-term potential of AI-enabled efficiencies. Competitors in the MRO sector are accelerating their own AI initiatives or forming strategic partnerships to maintain competitiveness. While the industry remains optimistic about AI’s transformative impact, experts caution that organizations may face near-term volatility and adaptation challenges during this transition. Based in Amman, Jordan, Joramco is a leading independent MRO provider with over 60 years of experience, supporting Airbus, Boeing, and Embraer fleets across the Middle East, Europe, South Asia, Africa, and the CIS. Its presentation at PAM MENA highlights both the opportunities and complexities inherent in adopting AI-driven, paperless operations within aviation maintenance.

GoML and TripAI Introduce Agentic AI to Optimize Airline Taxi-Out Fuel Consumption GoML and TripAI have jointly launched an innovative agentic artificial intelligence platform aimed at reducing fuel consumption during airline taxi-out operations while enhancing ground handling efficiency. This development arrives at a critical juncture as airlines and logistics providers confront persistent supply chain disruptions and mounting pressure to lower carbon emissions. Understanding Agentic AI in Taxi-Out Operations Agentic AI differs fundamentally from traditional predictive models by autonomously making decisions and coordinating actions in real time. In the context of aviation, this technology extends beyond forecasting delays and monitoring ground traffic to actively recommending or implementing adjustments in aircraft routing and engine idling during taxi-out—the phase when planes move from the gate to the runway. Although fuel savings per individual flight may appear modest, the cumulative effect across hundreds of daily departures can yield substantial cost reductions and environmental benefits. For logistics operators, even marginal improvements in airside efficiency contribute to enhanced schedule reliability, reduced distribution delays, and lower operational expenses. Operational Mechanism of the AI System The platform integrates multiple live data streams, including ground radar, surface movement tracking, air traffic control slotting, and airline schedule telemetry. Machine learning models, trained on both historical and real-time inputs, predict taxi times and identify potential bottlenecks. The agentic AI then recommends or autonomously applies throttle, idle, and routing modifications to minimize unnecessary engine runtime. Crucially, the system interfaces seamlessly with airline operations and ground handling teams to synchronize pushback and engine start times, ensuring coordinated and efficient ground movements. Benefits for Airlines and Ground Handlers The implementation of this agentic AI technology offers several key advantages. Fuel consumption during taxi-out can be reduced by 5 to 15 percent depending on airport conditions, directly lowering per-flight costs and improving margin predictability. Emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides near terminals and ramps are also diminished, contributing to environmental goals. Additionally, smarter sequencing at runway thresholds reduces delays and unexpected disruptions, enhancing on-time performance. Ground crews benefit from improved operational predictability, enabling better planning of services and pushback schedules, which in turn supports smoother connections for time-sensitive shipments. Impact on Logistics and Air Freight Operations Airports operate similarly to busy rail terminals, where delays in one segment can cascade throughout the system. By making taxi-out times more predictable, the AI platform reduces uncertainty for freight scheduling, warehouse staffing, and last-mile delivery coordination. For logistics managers, this translates into more consistent arrival times, decreased risk of demurrage charges, and improved carbon accounting—factors that are increasingly important in contract negotiations and multimodal transport planning. Challenges and Market Considerations Despite its potential, the GoML and TripAI solution faces several challenges. The aviation sector’s vulnerability to unpredictable supply chain disruptions complicates the consistent application of AI-driven optimizations. Market reception to AI investments remains cautious, with stakeholders scrutinizing the tangible returns of such technologies, reflecting broader trends in the technology industry. Competitors are advancing alternative approaches, including electric taxi systems and other AI-based efficiency tools. Measuring the return on investment for AI in aviation is inherently complex, and industry observers will be closely monitoring whether the operational and environmental improvements translate into clear financial benefits. As airlines and logistics providers adapt to a rapidly changing environment, agentic AI platforms like those developed by GoML and TripAI may become instrumental—provided they can demonstrate scalable and measurable results.

Delta Joins Major Airlines in 2026 Growth Amid Ongoing Supply Chain Challenges Delta Air Lines is poised to join United, Lufthansa, Emirates, and Qatar Airways in spearheading significant growth within the global aviation sector in 2026. This expansion reflects a notable recovery for the industry as international travel demand surges, particularly across the Asia-Pacific region. Major carriers are responding by broadening their route networks and increasing capacity, capitalizing on a post-pandemic resurgence that is driving passenger numbers to unprecedented levels. Rising Demand and Expanding Networks The International Air Transport Association (IATA) forecasts a nearly 5% increase in global passenger traffic for 2026, with the Asia-Pacific region emerging as a pivotal hub for international air travel. The easing of travel restrictions and a revival in tourism have stimulated bookings to popular destinations such as Tokyo, Bali, Dubai, and Bangkok. Concurrently, demand for long-haul flights continues to rise, underscoring the sustained appetite for international travel. Challenges Amid Growth Despite this optimistic outlook, the industry faces persistent challenges that could undermine profitability. Ongoing supply chain disruptions are causing delays in aircraft deliveries and complicating logistical operations, compelling airlines to manage tighter margins. Additionally, escalating fuel prices and rising operational costs exert further pressure on carriers, necessitating meticulous cost control and strategic planning. Delta, in particular, is under increased scrutiny from investors. While the airline’s growth projections remain robust, concerns persist regarding its elevated debt-to-equity ratio and susceptibility to market volatility. Market responses have been mixed, reflecting a balance between confidence in the sector’s recovery and caution over financial vulnerabilities. Competitive Dynamics and Sustainability Efforts The competitive environment is also shifting. With premium travel demand remaining strong, leading airlines are intensifying their focus on high-yield market segments, resulting in heightened competition within premium cabins. Meanwhile, ultra-low-cost carriers such as Spirit Airlines face an uncertain outlook amid economic pressures and changing consumer spending habits. These lower-cost competitors may pursue strategic adjustments to attract travelers seeking value in the face of rising fares. Sustainability continues to be a central concern as airlines navigate operational and financial challenges. Major carriers are investing in greener technologies and more fuel-efficient fleets to comply with regulatory mandates and meet increasing consumer expectations for environmentally responsible travel. Implications for Travelers and the Industry For passengers, the anticipated growth in airline capacity offers expanded travel options but also introduces potential challenges. Supply chain constraints and cost pressures may affect ticket pricing and service reliability, requiring travelers to remain vigilant about possible disruptions and evolving industry conditions. As the aviation sector advances into 2026, the critical question remains whether Delta and its counterparts can maintain their growth trajectories and profitability amid a complex interplay of supply chain issues, rising expenses, and shifting market dynamics. The outcome will have significant implications not only for these airlines but also for the broader future of global air travel.

Why Aviation Prioritizes Reliability Over Innovation Speed In most industries, rapid innovation and swift product rollouts are celebrated as indicators of success. However, the aviation sector operates under a fundamentally different paradigm, where reliability consistently outweighs the urgency of innovation speed. The stakes at 35,000 feet are exceptionally high; even minor uncertainties can have catastrophic consequences. Once an aircraft enters service, it ceases to be an experimental platform, demanding that every system and component perform safely and predictably over many years. The Imperative of Reliability Aviation systems function in some of the most extreme environments imaginable, enduring wide temperature fluctuations, constant vibration, pressure variations, and repeated mechanical stress. The tolerance for failure is effectively zero. A single unreliable component can jeopardize not only performance but also the safety of passengers and crew. This reality compels engineers to prioritize proven designs and rigorously vetted technologies. New innovations, no matter how promising, must demonstrate long-term reliability under real-world conditions before they are approved for operational use. Innovation Within a Framework of Caution Contrary to perceptions of resistance, the aviation industry embraces innovation—but with deliberate selectivity. Advances in materials, digital systems, and manufacturing techniques are introduced only after exhaustive testing, simulation, and certification processes. Companies such as B/E Aerospace exemplify this approach, ensuring that even incremental improvements maintain reliability throughout an aircraft’s operational lifespan. This measured strategy ensures that innovation serves to enhance safety rather than introduce unforeseen risks. Recent industry decisions underscore this philosophy. Embraer, for instance, has opted to concentrate on sales of its established E2 jets rather than hastily developing new airliner models. This approach reflects a broader trend among major manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing, which are carefully balancing the challenge of increasing production rates with the complexities of future aircraft programs. Their cautious strategies highlight the critical role of reliability in sustaining customer trust and operational efficiency. The Rigorous Certification Process Before any new system or component is cleared for flight, it must undergo a stringent certification process governed by aviation authorities. This process often spans several years and requires comprehensive evidence that the technology can endure worst-case scenarios, not merely routine operations. Testing protocols include overload conditions, environmental exposure, fatigue simulation, and failure analysis. While this thorough scrutiny inevitably slows the pace of innovation, it serves as a vital safeguard against the premature introduction of unproven technologies. Historical Lessons Shaping Modern Aviation The industry’s conservative stance on innovation is deeply rooted in historical experience. Early aviation was plagued by frequent failures stemming from untested designs and limited aerodynamic knowledge. Many contemporary regulations exist because early engineers, often through costly trial and error, recognized that reliability must be paramount. This legacy continues to influence modern aviation, ensuring that every advancement is built upon a stable and secure foundation. Sustaining Long-Term Operations Aircraft are designed to operate safely for decades, and airlines rely on predictable performance, manageable maintenance schedules, and well-understood failure modes. Rapid innovation without extensive long-term data would disrupt this equilibrium, increasing operational risks and complexity. The recent retirement of heritage aircraft by the Royal Australian Air Force, alongside Embraer’s strategic pivot toward defense and eVTOL sectors, further exemplify the industry’s unwavering commitment to reliability and safety. Balancing Innovation with Responsibility In aviation, progress is measured not by speed but by confidence. New technologies and ideas are introduced only when there is certainty they will perform reliably under all conditions. This cautious mindset explains why the industry may appear slow to change, yet consistently achieves one of the strongest safety records across all sectors. Ultimately, aviation prioritizes reliability over the rapid pace of innovation because safety—and the trust of passengers and operators—depends on it.

Phungela and AeroCloud Collaborate to Advance Digital Transformation in Africa’s Aviation Sector Phungela, a prominent African digital transformation firm, has entered into a strategic partnership with AeroCloud, a global provider of airport operations technology, to accelerate the modernization of Africa’s aviation industry. This collaboration designates Phungela as AeroCloud’s regional partner, responsible for deploying cloud-native airport solutions across the continent. Combining Regional Expertise with Global Technology The partnership leverages Phungela’s deep understanding of the African market and its delivery capabilities alongside AeroCloud’s established airport operations platform. AeroCloud’s technology currently supports over 80 airports worldwide and is utilized by more than 78 airlines, collectively managing approximately 360 million passengers annually. Together, the companies aim to facilitate the transition of African airports from outdated legacy systems to agile, data-driven, and predictive operating models. This shift is expected to enhance operational efficiency, improve passenger flow, and bolster resilience without necessitating significant new infrastructure investments. Under the terms of the agreement, Phungela will oversee local market engagement, implementation, service delivery, and ongoing support for airports throughout Africa. AeroCloud will supply its cloud-native hardware and software platform, which optimizes essential airport functions such as stand and gate management, passenger flow optimization, and real-time decision-making. Nkululeko Mhlaba, CEO of Phungela, underscored the importance of the partnership, stating, “Our partnership with AeroCloud positions Phungela at the forefront of aviation digital transformation in Africa. Airports are critical economic gateways, and the ability to operate efficiently, predictively, and at scale is no longer optional. By combining our understanding of the African aviation landscape with AeroCloud’s platform, we are enabling airports to modernize operations in a practical, scalable, and future-ready way.” Challenges and Competitive Dynamics Despite the promising outlook, the digital transformation initiative faces significant challenges. A report by Africa-focused advisory firm Axum highlights a severe shortage of high-powered machines and data centers necessary to support advanced technological innovations across the continent. Currently, only 5% of Africa’s AI talent has access to the requisite tools, which may impede the deployment of sophisticated digital solutions. These infrastructural and investment deficits could slow the pace and limit the scale of the transformation envisioned by Phungela and AeroCloud. The competitive environment is also intensifying, with other companies in the aviation sector likely to pursue similar digital upgrades. This evolving landscape will require Phungela and AeroCloud to maintain continuous innovation to preserve their competitive advantage. George Richardson, CEO and Co-Founder of AeroCloud, emphasized the value of local partnerships in this context: “Partnering with Phungela is a natural and important step in our global growth journey. Airports do not just need innovative technology; they need trusted local partners who understand their operating environment. Phungela brings deep regional insight, strong delivery capability, and a clear vision for digital transformation across Africa’s aviation sector.” Despite these challenges, the partnership reflects a shared commitment to investing in local capabilities, fostering long-term relationships with airport stakeholders, and supporting the sustained growth and connectivity of Africa’s aviation sector. Phungela and AeroCloud are poised to deliver more efficient, passenger-centric, and future-ready airport operations, establishing themselves as key contributors to the continent’s evolving aviation landscape.

Cathay Pacific A321neo Returns to Kaohsiung Following Suspected Engine Oil Leak Incident Overview and Immediate Response A Cathay Pacific Airways flight en route to Hong Kong was compelled to return to Kaohsiung International Airport on Sunday morning after cockpit instruments detected a potential engine malfunction. Flight CX449, operated by an Airbus A321neo and carrying approximately 200 passengers, departed Kaohsiung at 7:45 am local time. Shortly after takeoff, the flight crew received an alert indicating abnormal engine pressure readings. In accordance with established safety protocols, the pilots elected to abort the journey and return to the airport, where the aircraft landed safely between 8:26 am and 8:49 am. Preliminary technical inspections pointed to a suspected engine oil leak as the cause of the pressure anomaly that triggered the warning. Maintenance teams estimated that clearing the spilled oil and conducting targeted system checks would require approximately two hours before the aircraft’s operational status could be reassessed. The A321neo remains grounded in Kaohsiung pending further detailed inspections and any necessary engineering interventions. Airline Response and Passenger Impact Cathay Pacific characterized the incident as a “technical issue” in its official statement, refraining from specifying the exact nature of the engine fault. The airline emphasized that the decision to return was driven by safety considerations. All passengers disembarked without incident, and ground staff promptly assisted in rebooking travelers onto alternative flights to Hong Kong scheduled later that day. To mitigate inconvenience, the airline provided meal vouchers and refreshments, and deployed aircraft with greater seating capacity where feasible. Cathay Pacific also issued an apology to affected customers and expressed gratitude for their patience. Industry Context and Broader Implications This event occurs amid Cathay Pacific’s ongoing efforts to enhance operational reliability and expand its footprint in Southeast Asia. Aviation industry analysts note that technical disruptions of this nature can undermine passenger confidence and invite increased scrutiny from regulatory authorities, potentially complicating the airline’s growth ambitions in the region. Competitors such as Vietnam Airlines and other regional carriers may seek to leverage Cathay’s operational challenges by emphasizing their own safety records and efficiency, which could influence market dynamics and passenger preferences. The incident also highlights wider concerns within the aviation sector regarding the reliability and maintenance of narrowbody aircraft engines. Recent industry data has revealed a rise in engine-related groundings and maintenance disruptions, underscoring the critical importance of rigorous technical oversight and preventive maintenance. Safety officials and airline engineers continue to investigate the affected engine to ascertain the precise cause of the pressure irregularity and suspected oil leak. Cathay Pacific reaffirmed that its crew adhered strictly to established safety procedures and reiterated the airline’s commitment to maintaining the highest standards of operational safety.

IATA Warns Supply Chain Issues Will Continue to Affect Airlines Persistent Disruptions Impacting Global Aviation The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has issued a stark warning that ongoing supply chain disruptions will continue to pose significant challenges for the global airline industry. Speaking at the Changi Aviation Summit in Singapore, IATA Director General Willie Walsh highlighted the enduring nature of these operational difficulties, which have persisted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Airlines worldwide have struggled with delays and shortages as major aircraft manufacturers, including Airbus and Boeing, along with engine producers such as GE Aerospace and Pratt & Whitney, face continued obstacles in sourcing critical components and maintaining production schedules. These issues have been further compounded by geopolitical tensions and broader economic uncertainties, factors that analysts believe will extend the duration of supply chain bottlenecks. Consequences for Industry Growth and Response Measures The repercussions of these disruptions are evident across the aviation sector. Delays in aircraft deliveries and maintenance have slowed the pace of traffic growth, with IATA noting that after a robust post-pandemic recovery, industry expansion has now reverted to historical norms, in part due to these supply constraints. In response, some industry stakeholders are taking proactive measures to enhance competition and stability. Notably, CFM International, a prominent engine manufacturer, has extended its aftermarket competition agreement with IATA through 2033. This initiative aims to encourage greater competition in aircraft maintenance and repair services, potentially mitigating some operational challenges. Despite these efforts, IATA underscores the necessity for coordinated action among airlines, manufacturers, and regulators. The association stresses that addressing the root causes of supply chain disruptions is essential to support the sector’s recovery and ensure its long-term resilience.