American Airlines Shares Rise Amid Market Gains

Ascent Aviation and Block Aero Collaborate on Digital Disassembly Technology Partnership to Digitize Aircraft Disassembly and Reclamation Block Aero Technologies, a prominent aviation blockchain platform, has entered into a strategic partnership with Ascent Aviation Services to introduce a fully digital solution for aircraft disassembly and reclamation. This collaboration seeks to modernize Ascent’s reclamation operations by digitizing workflows related to disassembly and recycling, thereby providing customers with real-time visibility and enhanced transparency throughout the entire process. At the core of this initiative is the integration of Block Aero’s suite of digital tools—including the Digital Asset Manager, MRO Manager, and Registry Manager—into Ascent’s operational framework. These products are designed to streamline workflows, ensure compliance with regulatory standards, and create a digital product passport for every aircraft part harvested. Customers will benefit from online access to collaborative project workspaces linked to individual work orders, allowing all stakeholders to monitor progress, review documentation, and track asset movements in real time. Regulatory Integration and Industry Implications A significant aspect of the partnership involves direct integration with the AFRA–CAAC Parts Registry Programme, aimed at enhancing compliance and traceability of aviation components, particularly for clients targeting the Chinese market. However, the companies face challenges in navigating China’s regulatory landscape, as their digital solutions must adhere to local standards and stringent data security protocols. The use of blockchain technology also raises important considerations regarding data privacy and the secure management of sensitive information, necessitating robust safeguards to maintain regulatory compliance. The transition to digital disassembly marks a substantial shift for the traditionally paper-based maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) sector. While the partnership is poised to establish new benchmarks for transparency and accountability, it may encounter resistance from established industry players accustomed to legacy systems. Competitors might respond by accelerating their own blockchain initiatives or exploring alternative digital technologies to preserve their market positions. Advancing Efficiency and Sustainability in Aviation Despite these challenges, the collaboration represents a significant advancement in modernizing aircraft disassembly practices. By combining Ascent’s operational expertise with Block Aero’s blockchain capabilities, the partnership aims to reduce dependence on manual processes, enhance operational efficiency, and increase customer confidence. The integration of blockchain-enabled tools is also expected to support broader industry objectives, including promoting sustainability through responsible recycling and providing comprehensive digital records to facilitate the growing market for used serviceable materials. Todd Siena, CEO of Block Aero Technologies, emphasized the transformative potential of the partnership, stating, “We’re proud to bring our technology and market expertise to Ascent, enabling unmatched real-time project management, analytics, and customer visibility. Together, we’re setting a new standard for efficiency, trust, and market connectivity in the aviation aftermarket.” As the aviation industry continues its digital transformation, the collaboration between Ascent Aviation and Block Aero underscores both the opportunities and complexities involved in integrating advanced technologies into established sector practices.

Beonic Introduces AI-Powered LiDAR Technology at Queenstown Airport Queenstown Airport has embarked on a significant technological advancement by implementing Beonic’s AI-powered LiDAR system, designed to optimize passenger flow and improve operational efficiency. With global passenger volumes steadily increasing, airports are under growing pressure to manage congestion, minimize wait times, and provide a seamless travel experience. Queenstown’s adoption of this innovative technology positions it as a leader in New Zealand’s aviation sector. Enhancing Passenger Management Through AI and LiDAR The newly deployed AI-driven LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system is now active across five departure zones within the terminal. Unlike conventional monitoring methods, Beonic’s solution does not collect personal data. Instead, it employs laser pulses to generate a three-dimensional digital model of the terminal environment, enabling staff to monitor queue lengths, occupancy rates, and potential congestion points while safeguarding passenger privacy. The system’s artificial intelligence analyzes movement patterns to anticipate crowding before it occurs. For example, when multiple flights are scheduled to depart in close succession, the technology can alert airport personnel to allocate additional resources or open extra counters proactively. This predictive functionality is particularly valuable during peak travel periods or unforeseen disruptions, facilitating smoother passenger journeys. Improving Passenger Experience with Real-Time Information Although the primary objective is to enhance operational workflows, passengers stand to gain significantly from the system’s capabilities. Real-time data on wait times can be communicated through digital signage, mobile applications, or public announcements, providing travelers with timely and accurate updates. This transparency helps alleviate common frustrations associated with long queues and inadequate communication, thereby reducing travel-related stress. Positioning Amidst a Competitive AI Landscape Beonic’s introduction of AI-powered LiDAR at Queenstown Airport occurs within a rapidly evolving technological environment marked by intense competition. Established companies such as Waymo, which integrates LiDAR and radar for autonomous vehicles, and Tesla, which relies on camera-based systems, represent significant players in the sensor technology market. Beyond aviation, the broader AI sector is witnessing mixed responses to new tools, exemplified by Google’s financial AI offerings and the varied reception to OpenAI’s GPT-5. Competitors are likely to respond by advancing their own AI capabilities or adopting similar technologies to maintain market relevance. Meanwhile, Queenstown Airport’s robust financial performance and commitment to ongoing investment create a conducive atmosphere for innovation, enhancing the prospects for successful technology integration. Future Implications for Aviation Technology By harnessing AI-powered LiDAR, Queenstown Airport is not only advancing its operational efficiency but also establishing a benchmark for passenger experience within New Zealand. As the aviation industry continues to evolve in response to shifting demands and technological progress, this initiative may serve as a catalyst for wider adoption of AI-driven solutions across airports globally.

Kagame Opens AVAF25, Highlighting AMSL and Africa’s Aviation Growth KIGALI, Rwanda – President Paul Kagame officially inaugurated the 9th Aviation Africa Summit and Exhibition (AVAF25) on Wednesday, welcoming industry leaders and stakeholders to the Radisson Blu Hotel and Convention Center in Kigali. The two-day summit, held from September 4 to 5, 2025, convenes major aviation companies and experts to deliberate on the future of African aviation under the theme: “Collaborating To Unlock Africa Aviation Growth; How Can Africa Deliver Sustainable Aviation Industry?” A Gathering of Industry Leaders and Innovators Nigeria was prominently represented at the summit by Airline Management Support Limited (AMSL), a leading supplier of aircraft parts, alongside Aero MRO, a subsidiary of Aero Contractors—the country’s oldest airline—Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON), and Women In Aviation (WiA). The event also attracted a broad spectrum of international participants, including Airbus, Dunlop, Rolls Royce, the African Airlines Association (AFRAA), Diamond Aircraft, Ethiopian MRO, and Embraer, underscoring the summit’s extensive industry reach. In his opening address, President Kagame expressed appreciation to Times Aerospace Events Ltd for selecting Rwanda as the host nation, emphasizing Rwanda’s commitment to advancing aviation across the continent. He highlighted the summit’s critical role in fostering Africa’s aviation growth and underscored Rwanda’s efforts to liberalize air travel, including the removal of visa restrictions for all African citizens and the ongoing expansion of RwandAir’s fleet. Innovation and Challenges in African Aviation President Kagame also drew attention to the transformative potential of emerging technologies, announcing the continent’s first demonstration of a self-flying air taxi during the summit. He emphasized the strategic importance of drones for improving time management and lifesaving operations, while candidly acknowledging the challenges faced by African airlines, such as high operational costs and infrastructural deficiencies. “Travel should not be exclusively for the rich,” Kagame asserted, calling for enhanced collaboration to fully harness Africa’s resources and capabilities. Despite the optimism, the summit also brought to light significant hurdles. Developing a competitive Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) market in Africa demands substantial investment in infrastructure and technical expertise. The unveiling of AMSL Aero’s hydrogen-electric vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft exemplifies innovation but also introduces complex technical, regulatory, and safety challenges that must be addressed. The competitive environment is further intensified by established global players such as Dassault’s Falcon Bizjet Maintenance Center in Florida, highlighting the imperative for African MRO providers to meet international standards. Market responses to these developments remain cautious, with some stakeholders pointing to risks associated with African carriers and the necessity for robust aftermarket support. Competitors may respond by increasing investments or forging strategic partnerships to capitalize on new facilities and technologies. Alan Peaford, Chairman of the Aviation Africa Summit, lauded Rwanda’s leadership and collaborative approach, recognizing the country’s role as a catalyst for industry transformation since 2017. He also acknowledged persistent sector challenges, including elevated fuel costs, airport taxes, and shortages of security personnel. As AVAF25 progresses, the focus remains firmly on fostering sustainable growth, overcoming operational barriers, and positioning Africa as a competitive force within the global aviation industry.

Electric Aircraft Startup Vaeridion Acquires Specialized Facility from Lilium Electric aircraft startup Vaeridion has secured a lease and is poised to acquire a specialized facility from Lilium, the German eVTOL developer currently navigating insolvency proceedings, according to a report by *Wirtschaftswoche*. Vaeridion’s founder and CEO, Ivor van Dartel, confirmed that the company obtained approval from Lilium’s insolvency administrator to purchase critical technology housed at the site, including advanced laser welding equipment essential for aircraft manufacturing. Distinct Approaches in Electric Aviation While Lilium has concentrated on electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxis, Vaeridion is developing a conventional electric aircraft designed for runway operations. The startup’s planned model will accommodate nine passengers alongside two pilots, offering an estimated range exceeding 400 kilometers with an emergency reserve. To support this ambitious project, Vaeridion successfully raised €14 million from investors in December. The facility, situated at Oberpfaffenhofen Airport, holds particular strategic value for Vaeridion due to its fireproof room, a critical feature for safe battery production. Additionally, the site includes halls equipped for acoustic testing, originally constructed to meet Lilium’s development requirements. As Lilium shifts its business model, it aims to lease such specialized facilities to other companies within the electric mobility sector, promoting a “testing-as-a-service” approach. Uncertainty Surrounding Lilium’s Future and Industry Challenges Vaeridion’s acquisition occurs amid ongoing uncertainty about Lilium’s future. The proposed takeover of Lilium by Advanced Air Mobility Group (AAMG) remains unapproved by insolvency administrator Ivo-Meinert Willrodt of the Pluta law firm. Willrodt has expressed reservations about AAMG, a newcomer to the aviation industry whose CEO, Robert Kamp, has openly acknowledged his limited experience in the sector. Despite AAMG’s public commitment to continue research and development in Bavaria with a reduced workforce and plans to produce the first 50 air taxis locally before transferring series production to Japan, the administrator has yet to endorse the deal. This cautious stance follows a previous failed takeover attempt by Mobile Uplift Corporation, which culminated in Lilium’s second insolvency. The transfer of the facility to Vaeridion also underscores broader challenges facing the electric aviation sector. Lilium’s incomplete development program and persistent certification hurdles have intensified skepticism within the industry regarding the viability of electric aircraft. Market participants remain cautious, closely monitoring regulatory progress and the ability of startups to fulfill their ambitious objectives. In response, rival companies are likely to accelerate efforts to secure regulatory approvals and expand their footprint in the emerging advanced air mobility market. Meanwhile, Vaeridion has already onboarded eleven former Lilium engineers and plans further recruitment, signaling a strong commitment to advancing its electric aircraft program. Establishing a comparable facility independently would likely require approximately one year, highlighting the strategic importance of this acquisition as Vaeridion seeks to establish itself in a competitive and rapidly evolving industry.

EASA Survey Reveals Aviation Industry’s Cautious Optimism Toward AI Integration A recent survey conducted by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) indicates that aviation professionals maintain a cautiously optimistic stance regarding the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within the sector. While acknowledging AI’s potential to enhance operational efficiency and safety, respondents expressed significant concerns related to privacy, safety, regulatory oversight, and the risk of de-skilling among human operators. These findings mirror broader trends observed in other technology-driven industries such as defense and cloud computing, where AI adoption is prioritized but accompanied by persistent challenges and competitive pressures. Survey Insights and Industry Concerns The survey, conducted in January 2024, collected responses from 231 aviation professionals who evaluated eight hypothetical AI application scenarios. Participants were asked to assess their comfort, trust, and acceptance levels regarding these scenarios. On average, the acceptance rating stood at 4.4 out of 7, reflecting measured optimism about AI’s benefits. However, nearly two-thirds of respondents expressed reservations by rejecting at least one proposed AI use case. Key concerns highlighted by the survey included limitations in AI performance and reliability, data protection and privacy issues, accountability and oversight challenges, potential safety implications, and the erosion of human skills as AI assumes more operational responsibilities. The industry’s strong demand for robust regulation and supervision by EASA and national aviation authorities was a prominent theme. Many professionals emphasized that effective oversight is essential to safeguard safety standards and maintain public trust as AI becomes increasingly embedded in aviation operations. Beyond regulatory and safety considerations, the survey also identified ongoing challenges such as interoperability between AI systems and effective data management. These issues are common across other sectors embracing digital transformation. The charter aviation segment, in particular, faces additional pressures from heightened market competition, taxation, and talent acquisition difficulties, complicating the integration of AI into broader digital strategies. Industry Perspectives and Future Directions Guillaume Soudain, EASA’s AI programme manager, commented on the survey results, stating, “AI offers tremendous opportunities to improve aviation safety and efficiency, but trust is critical. This survey underscores the importance of a balanced regulatory framework, one that ensures the highest level of safety for citizens while also fostering innovation and competitiveness in Europe’s aviation sector.” The findings were presented at EASA’s AI Days event in Cologne, which convened industry leaders, regulators, and researchers to discuss the future of AI in aviation. Christine Berg, head of unit for aviation safety at the European Commission, remarked, “AI is being deployed to optimize traffic flows, enhance predictive maintenance, and enable autonomous systems. The potential is vast. But so are the safety and certification challenges. Aviation is safety-critical by definition. This means we need systems that are not only intelligent, but also explainable, reliable, and certifiable.” The conference featured workshops and panel discussions on AI assurance, human factors, and ethics-based assessment. Presentations from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), EUROCAE, and leading industry players highlighted notable projects such as Boeing’s auto-taxiing AI system, Lufthansa Group’s Large Language Model-based troubleshooting assistant, and SESAR-JU initiatives including JARVIS, DARWIN, and SynthAIR. The full survey report, titled *Ethics for Artificial Intelligence in Aviation – Aviation Professionals Survey Results 2024/2025*, is available on the EASA website. Recordings and presentations from the AI Days conference have also been made accessible online.

Airbus Makes Modest Progress with 61 Deliveries in 2025 Airbus reported the delivery of 61 commercial aircraft in August 2025, representing a notable improvement compared to the 47 jets delivered in the same month last year. This 30 percent year-on-year increase for August, however, contrasts with the company’s cumulative deliveries for the first eight months of 2025, which totaled 434 aircraft—down 3 percent from 447 during the same period in 2024. This shortfall has raised concerns among analysts about Airbus’ ability to meet its ambitious annual target of 880 deliveries, emphasizing the need for the manufacturer to accelerate production to unprecedented levels in the remaining months of the year. Delivery Trends and Market Context The delivery figures underscore ongoing challenges within the global aerospace supply chain, which continue to impact both Airbus and its primary competitor, Boeing. Despite these difficulties, Airbus remains on course to retain its position as the world’s largest aircraft manufacturer in 2025. Meanwhile, Boeing is gradually recovering from recent internal crises, with its prospects further bolstered by reports of a potential 500-aircraft deal with China, a development that could significantly enhance its market standing. Within Airbus’ portfolio, the A320neo family continues to dominate deliveries, constituting the majority of shipments. However, the series has experienced a 6.2 percent decline in year-to-date deliveries, with 333 units delivered so far in 2025 compared to 355 in 2024. The A321neo variant remains the most popular, recording 210 deliveries—seven more than the previous year. The A220-300 demonstrated the strongest growth, with 50 deliveries, marking a 43 percent increase from 2024. Conversely, other models such as the A220-100, A330-900, and A350-900 have lagged behind last year’s figures. August 2025 Deliveries by Model In August, the A321neo led with 32 deliveries, followed by 12 A320neos and 7 A220-300s. Smaller numbers were recorded for the A319neo, A330-900, A350-900, and A350-1000 models. The total deliveries for the month stood at 61, compared to 47 in August 2024. Order Activity and Backlog Order activity in August was relatively subdued, with the exception of a significant contract from lessor Avolon for 90 aircraft, comprising 75 A321neos and 15 A330-900s. Airbus also secured an order for seven A350-1000s from an undisclosed customer, while two private buyers each placed orders for an A320neo. After accounting for cancellations, net orders for the month reached 99 aircraft. The company’s backlog increased modestly by 38 units, rising from 8,690 to 8,728 aircraft awaiting delivery. As Airbus contends with persistent supply chain disruptions and intensifying competition, its capacity to ramp up deliveries in the final months of 2025 will be crucial to meeting its annual targets and sustaining its leadership in the aerospace industry.

Air India Express Flight from Delhi to Indore Lands Safely Following Engine Fault An Air India Express flight en route from Delhi to Indore encountered a mid-air engine fault on Friday, prompting the pilot to issue a ‘PAN-PAN’ call, a standard aviation signal indicating a non-life-threatening emergency. Carrying 161 passengers, the aircraft managed to land safely at Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport in Indore, with no injuries reported among passengers or crew. The flight arrived approximately 20 minutes behind schedule, according to airport authorities. Implications for Aviation Safety and Industry Response This incident has brought renewed focus to the challenges airlines face in upholding stringent safety standards. Aviation experts emphasize that such events often lead to intensified scrutiny of aircraft maintenance procedures and may prompt regulatory bodies to conduct thorough reviews to safeguard passenger welfare. In the competitive landscape of commercial aviation, rival carriers may leverage the situation to underscore their own safety records and operational reliability, potentially heightening competition within the sector. Industry analysts also highlight that this event could accelerate the integration of advanced technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, into aviation maintenance and monitoring systems. AI-driven predictive maintenance tools and real-time fault detection are increasingly regarded as essential for identifying potential mechanical issues before they develop into critical problems, thereby enhancing overall flight safety. While the incident was managed with professionalism and resulted in no harm, it serves as a reminder of the continuous need for rigorous safety protocols and technological innovation within the aviation industry.

Saudi Arabia Advances Logistics with First Drone Delivery In a pioneering development for its logistics sector, Saudi Arabia has successfully completed its first official drone-based parcel delivery in Jeddah. This milestone marks a significant stride in the Kingdom’s efforts to modernize its postal and logistics infrastructure, aligning closely with the broader objectives of Vision 2030, which emphasizes economic diversification and digital transformation. The trial was conducted under the patronage of Dr. Rumaih Al-Rumaih, Vice Minister of Transport and Logistic Services and Acting President of the Transport General Authority (TGA), highlighting the government’s active role in fostering innovation within the transport sector. Collaborative Efforts and Regulatory Framework The initiative was a collaborative endeavor between the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) and the Transport General Authority. GACA was responsible for overseeing aviation operations and ensuring adherence to stringent air safety standards, while the TGA managed regulatory oversight of the postal sector and facilitated the necessary legislative support. This partnership reflects a coordinated approach to integrating advanced technologies into Saudi Arabia’s transport and logistics ecosystem. Dr. Al-Rumaih characterized the trial as a “significant leap” in parcel delivery capabilities, emphasizing its potential to enable faster, more efficient, and sustainable logistics solutions. The project aims to reduce delivery times, enhance operational efficiency, and improve the adaptability of postal services to meet evolving consumer demands and technological progress. Captain Suleiman Al-Muheimidi, Executive Vice President for Aviation Safety and Environmental Sustainability at GACA, described the trial as a “breakthrough” in logistics innovation. He noted that the project benefits from recently updated aviation safety frameworks, which have been aligned with international standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). These regulatory enhancements ensure that drone operations within Saudi airspace comply with the highest global safety and quality benchmarks. Challenges and Future Prospects Despite the success of the initial trial, officials acknowledge several challenges that must be addressed to fully integrate drone delivery into commercial logistics. Regulatory complexities remain, particularly in developing comprehensive frameworks that address safety, privacy, and airspace management. Additionally, operational challenges such as high costs, limited battery life, and payload capacity pose constraints on the scalability and economic viability of drone delivery services. Market responses have been varied. While the initiative positions Saudi Arabia as a regional leader in logistics innovation, some traditional logistics providers have expressed skepticism regarding the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of drone delivery compared to conventional methods. It is anticipated that competitors may respond by adopting similar drone technologies or by enhancing their existing logistics infrastructure to maintain competitiveness. Looking forward, Saudi authorities plan to expand drone delivery services across both urban and rural areas in partnership with private logistics operators. Future phases will focus on scaling the technology, refining regulatory frameworks, and implementing comprehensive risk management strategies to address safety and operational concerns. Through these efforts, Saudi Arabia aims to reinforce its commitment to sustainability, speed, and adaptability in a rapidly evolving global logistics landscape.

Airbus Reports 434 Jet Deliveries Amid Slight Decline Through August Airbus announced the delivery of 61 aircraft in August, bringing its total deliveries for the year to 434 jets. This represents a 3% decrease compared to the same period last year, highlighting persistent challenges within the aerospace industry. The European manufacturer continues to grapple with supply chain disruptions, particularly affecting engine and seat components, which have impeded production and slowed delivery schedules. Despite these obstacles, Airbus remains steadfast in its commitment to achieving its annual target of 820 aircraft deliveries. The company is actively working to accelerate output in the coming months to offset the current shortfall. Strong Order Book and Market Dynamics Airbus’s order backlog remains substantial, with 600 new orders secured so far this year. Among these is a major agreement with leasing firm Avolon for 90 jets, alongside an order for seven A350-1000s from an undisclosed customer. In a significant development, Chinese airlines are reportedly dividing a large 500-plane Airbus order, a move that could further consolidate Airbus’s position in the global aviation market. However, ongoing supply chain challenges continue to draw scrutiny from industry observers. Market analysts warn that maintaining high delivery volumes may prove difficult if these disruptions persist. Meanwhile, Boeing is intensifying production of its 787 Dreamliner, signaling heightened competition as both manufacturers strive to expand their market share. Airbus has acknowledged the difficulties it faces and emphasized its efforts to resolve bottlenecks. The company’s success in overcoming these issues will be crucial as it seeks to sustain its leadership in the commercial aircraft sector amid increasing competition and ongoing supply chain uncertainties.

Air India Flight Carrying Odisha Chief Minister Diverted to Kolkata Due to Adverse Weather An Air India flight, AI 473, transporting Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi was diverted to Kolkata on Friday, September 5, owing to unfavorable weather conditions at Bhubaneswar. The flight, which originated from Kolkata and was scheduled to land in Bhubaneswar at 1:00 pm, was unable to complete its intended journey. Bhubaneswar Airport Director Prasanna Pradhan confirmed the diversion, citing the inclement weather as the primary cause. Chief Minister Majhi was returning from a five-day official visit to Delhi and was initially expected to arrive in Bhubaneswar around 9:45 am. However, deteriorating weather conditions necessitated a precautionary landing at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata. Odisha’s Urban Development Minister K C Mohapatra stated, “The flight could not land at the airport here, and was diverted to Kolkata due to bad weather.” Operational Challenges and Industry Context The diversion of AI 473 underscores the operational difficulties airlines face when confronted with sudden and severe weather disruptions. Air India was compelled to swiftly manage the logistics of rerouting the flight, ensuring passenger safety—including that of the state’s chief minister—while coordinating accommodations and onward travel arrangements. Such incidents often attract scrutiny from aviation authorities and raise concerns among passengers regarding delays and inconvenience. Globally, adverse weather remains a leading cause of flight diversions. Similar disruptions have been reported in other regions, including multiple flights rerouted during thunderstorms in Chicago and a Delta flight diverted due to a pilot’s illness. These events highlight the complexities airlines encounter in balancing schedule adherence with passenger safety amid unpredictable conditions. In the competitive aviation sector, operational disruptions can influence market dynamics, as rival carriers may leverage such incidents to position themselves as more reliable alternatives, potentially affecting passenger preferences. Recent Operational Incidents Affecting Indian Carriers This event follows a series of recent operational challenges faced by Indian airlines. On the preceding day, an Air India Express flight from Vijayawada to Bengaluru was cancelled after an eagle struck the aircraft’s nose during taxiing for takeoff. All passengers were safely accommodated on alternate flights. Additionally, on August 31, an Air India flight from Delhi to Indore (AI 2913) was forced to return to Delhi after pilots received a fire alert in one engine shortly after takeoff. The crew declared a Mayday emergency and successfully landed the aircraft without any injuries. As weather-related disruptions and technical issues continue to affect flight operations, airlines face mounting pressure to improve contingency planning and communication strategies to uphold passenger trust and operational reliability.