IndiGo Converts 30 of 70 Airbus A350-900 Purchase Rights into Firm Orders

Florida Advances Urban Mobility with New Air Taxi Testing Facility Florida has announced a series of significant infrastructure projects designed to alleviate traffic congestion along Interstate 4, highlighted by the establishment of a cutting-edge air taxi testing facility. This new aerial mobility site, together with the expansion of I-4 express lanes and the development of a truck parking facility in Polk County, forms a key component of the state’s comprehensive Moving Florida Forward transportation plan. Positioning Florida at the Forefront of Urban Air Mobility The introduction of the air taxi testing facility places Florida among the leaders in the emerging urban air mobility sector, which is rapidly gaining traction through increased investor interest and technological advancements. This initiative aligns with the activities of established industry players such as Archer Aviation and Vertical Aerospace, who continue to expand their order books and conduct market research and test flights internationally. The aggressive growth projections from these companies have intensified competition and underscored the transformative potential of air taxis in urban transportation networks. Challenges and Market Implications Despite its promise, Florida’s ambitious plan faces considerable obstacles. Regulatory challenges remain a primary concern, as advanced air mobility technologies must navigate a complex landscape of federal and state approvals. Additionally, the high costs associated with production and the need to compete against well-capitalized industry leaders add layers of difficulty to the state’s efforts. Market observers are expected to closely monitor Florida’s move, which could stimulate further investment in the urban air mobility sector. The launch of the testing facility may prompt rival companies to accelerate their pursuit of regulatory clearances and strategic partnerships in an effort to maintain or enhance their competitive positions. Federal Support and Strategic Timing Florida’s initiative coincides with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s recent program aimed at supporting the development of advanced air mobility. This federal endorsement could provide critical resources and regulatory guidance, potentially offering Florida’s testing facility a strategic advantage as the sector continues to evolve. As Florida advances its transportation agenda, the success of the air taxi testing facility will hinge on its ability to overcome regulatory and economic challenges while adapting to a rapidly changing competitive environment. The results of this endeavor may have significant implications for the future of urban transportation both within the state and on a broader scale.

New I-4 Express Lanes and Air Taxi Testing Facility Announced Florida has unveiled a series of significant transportation projects under its “Moving Florida Forward” initiative, aiming to alleviate congestion, enhance freight logistics, and pioneer advanced aerial mobility technology. The announced developments include the construction of new express lanes on Interstate 4, a dedicated truck parking facility in Polk County, and the establishment of the nation’s first Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aerial test site. Expanding Road Infrastructure and Freight Support The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) will lead the construction of 17 miles of new express lanes along Interstate 4 in Hillsborough County, a corridor known for heavy traffic congestion. This project, scheduled to commence in 2028, seeks to improve traffic flow and reduce delays in one of the state’s busiest transportation arteries. Complementing this effort, a 100-space truck parking facility is planned for Polk County to address the critical shortage of safe parking options for freight vehicles. This addition aims to enhance safety and efficiency amid increasing freight traffic demands. Pioneering Advanced Air Mobility in Florida In a groundbreaking move, FDOT will also develop the country’s first Advanced Air Mobility test bed at its SunTrax facility in Polk County. This initiative positions Florida at the forefront of next-generation transportation by supporting the testing and integration of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL), commonly referred to as “air taxis.” These aircraft are designed for short-range travel, carrying between two and six passengers at altitudes ranging from 500 to 3,000 feet. Powered by distributed electric propulsion, eVTOLs offer the promise of quieter, more efficient, and cost-effective urban air travel compared to traditional helicopters. The successful deployment of AAM technology will require coordination with local governments on zoning regulations, electric grid capacity, and community engagement. FDOT is actively developing a statewide roadmap and outreach strategy to assist municipalities in addressing land use, public safety, and infrastructure requirements associated with this emerging mode of transportation. Industry Growth Amid Challenges The announcement coincides with increasing investor confidence in the AAM sector. Companies such as Archer Aviation have experienced notable stock gains, while competitors like Joby Aviation are expanding production capabilities and planning international service launches, including air taxi operations in Ras Al Khaimah by 2027. Collaborative efforts, exemplified by the partnership between Fullerton Municipal Airport and Wisk Aero, highlight the industry’s commitment to integrating urban air mobility within existing transportation frameworks. Despite this momentum, the sector faces considerable challenges. Regulatory approval processes, substantial initial infrastructure investments, and public acceptance remain significant hurdles. Concerns persist regarding noise pollution, emergency response protocols, and the capacity of local electric grids to support widespread AAM operations. Looking Ahead While construction of the I-4 express lanes is set to begin in 2028, specific timelines for the completion of the AAM test site and the development of a broader network of vertiports have yet to be disclosed. Details concerning the full extent and locations of future vertiports remain limited. The Moving Florida Forward initiative forms a key component of Governor Ron DeSantis’ strategy to address the state’s rapid population growth and evolving transportation demands. As Florida advances its leadership in both conventional and aerial mobility, the coming years will be critical in determining the viability and public reception of these ambitious projects.

Air Serbia and airBaltic Expand Cooperation with Airbus A220 Lease Agreement Air Serbia and airBaltic have formalized a new two-year wet lease agreement that will see the Latvian carrier operate Airbus A220-300 aircraft on behalf of Air Serbia starting November 1, 2025. This arrangement introduces the next-generation A220 to Air Serbia’s fleet and represents a significant deepening of the airlines’ longstanding partnership. Details of the Lease Agreement and Fleet Integration Under the terms of the agreement, airBaltic will provide aircraft, crews, maintenance, and insurance for Air Serbia’s operations. Initially, two A220-300 aircraft, each configured with 148 seats, will be deployed during the 2025-2026 winter season. This number is expected to increase to up to four aircraft for the 2026 summer schedule. The A220, designed specifically for short- and medium-haul routes, is noted for its superior fuel efficiency and quieter cabin environment compared to older aircraft models. Both airlines highlighted the strategic advantages of the wet lease model, which allows Air Serbia to rapidly and flexibly increase capacity during peak travel periods without the need for permanent fleet expansion. Jiří Marek, CEO of Air Serbia, emphasized the importance of the partnership, stating that it offers passengers the opportunity to travel comfortably and efficiently aboard modern Airbus A220-300 aircraft. He also noted that the introduction of this aircraft type will serve as a key reference point for future fleet decisions. Thomas Ramdahl, Chief Commercial Officer at airBaltic, underscored the decade-long cooperation between the two carriers. He remarked that the expanded agreement supports efficient fleet utilization and reliable operations, reinforcing connectivity between the Baltic region and the Balkans. Operational and Strategic Considerations The integration of the A220-300 into Air Serbia’s operations will require comprehensive staff training and careful management to maintain performance standards. Industry observers and competitors are expected to closely monitor Air Serbia’s fleet strategy and the financial implications of the lease. Rival airlines may respond by adjusting their own fleet compositions or operational plans in light of this development. For airBaltic, which operates an all-A220-300 fleet exceeding 50 aircraft, the agreement aligns with its broader strategy of leasing capacity to other carriers. However, as demand for wet-leased A220s grows, airBaltic may face increased pressure on its operational capacity and revenue streams. Background on the Airlines and Partnership Air Serbia, the national flag carrier of the Republic of Serbia, operates from its hub at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport and serves over 80 destinations across Europe, North America, and the Middle East. Its current fleet includes Airbus A319, A320, and A330 aircraft, alongside ATR 72 turboprops. The airline is majority-owned by the Serbian government, with Etihad Airways holding a minority stake. Based in Riga, Latvia, airBaltic has emerged as one of the world’s largest operators of the Airbus A220-300 and a leading provider of wet lease capacity in Europe. The airline serves routes across Europe, the Middle East, and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Since 2013, the two carriers have maintained a codeshare agreement, enabling passengers to book connecting flights across their combined networks. The new wet lease deal further solidifies this partnership as both airlines adapt to evolving market conditions.

Emirates’ Top Airbus A380 Routes for 2025 Emirates remains synonymous with the Airbus A380, operating the world’s largest fleet of the superjumbo aircraft. With over 100 A380s in service, the Dubai-based airline continues to prioritize high-capacity, long-haul routes as a central element of its widebody operations. Recent expansions in its A380 ownership reflect Emirates’ ongoing commitment to this aircraft type, even as the aviation landscape evolves amid shifting market dynamics and intensifying competition. London Heathrow: Emirates’ Premier A380 Destination London Heathrow Airport (LHR) stands as Emirates’ busiest A380 route for 2025. Both Heathrow and Dubai International Airport (DXB), Emirates’ primary hub, rank among the world’s busiest airports, making this connection ideally suited for the A380’s large capacity. The aircraft’s design complements Emirates’ hub-and-spoke model, efficiently linking major global centers. Emirates operates six daily A380 flights between Dubai and Heathrow, amounting to approximately 2,190 flights each way annually, according to aviation analytics firm Cirium. The schedule features early morning departures from Dubai and multiple return flights from London throughout the day and evening. Demand on this route remains strong, with British Airways also maintaining three daily flights and occasionally deploying its own A380s. Emirates plans to introduce a seventh daily flight during the IATA Winter season, operated by a Boeing 777-300ER, which will further intensify competition on this key corridor. Bangkok: A Strategic Hub for A380 Operations Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK) ranks second in Emirates’ A380 network, with five daily flights connecting Dubai and Bangkok. Of these, three flights are regularly operated by the A380, demonstrating the airline’s operational flexibility. Temporary aircraft swaps, such as the brief use of a Boeing 777 on one frequency in September, were reversed with the resumption of A380 service in October. Bangkok is also among the first destinations to receive Emirates’ upgraded four-class A380 cabins, introduced during the summer. The city serves as a strategic stopover on several fifth-freedom routes, further enhancing A380 utilization and underscoring its importance within Emirates’ network. Market Challenges and Competitive Dynamics Despite the extensive reach of Emirates’ A380 operations, the airline faces ongoing challenges related to market demand, evolving passenger preferences, and operational costs. Competitors operating similar long-haul routes may respond by adjusting capacity or enhancing premium offerings to capture market share. The A380 segment remains highly competitive, with several carriers leveraging the aircraft’s scale to serve high-demand routes and premium clientele. Emirates’ sustained investment in the A380 fleet signals confidence in the aircraft’s role on flagship routes. However, the airline’s ability to navigate changing market conditions and competitive pressures will be critical to maintaining its leadership position in the years ahead.

Delta Air Lines to Introduce Flying Taxis and Electric Taxiing Systems Partnership with Joby Aviation to Launch Electric Air Taxis ATLANTA — Delta Air Lines is poised to transform airport transportation with the introduction of electric air taxis and innovative ground operations technologies. In an exclusive interview, Delta CEO Ed Bastian revealed the airline’s collaboration with Joby Aviation to deploy electric air taxis designed to ferry passengers directly from their homes to airport terminals. Flight testing for these vehicles is already underway, with Joby’s electric air taxis currently operating in parts of the Middle East. The company, headquartered in Dayton, Ohio, is expanding production capabilities at its 140-acre facility near Dayton International Airport, with the capacity to manufacture up to 500 aircraft annually. Bastian emphasized that the air taxis are intended to ease road congestion rather than reduce air traffic. He illustrated the convenience for travelers living in suburban areas, describing a scenario where a ten-minute flight on a Joby air taxi could deliver passengers directly to a Delta lounge, followed by a swift transfer to their departing flight. Joby is actively pursuing commercial passenger certification from the Federal Aviation Administration, aiming to launch the service by 2026. The initial rollout will focus on New York and Los Angeles, two of the busiest metropolitan areas in the United States, though no specific timeline has been announced for Atlanta. Advancing Sustainable Ground Operations with Green Taxi Aerospace In addition to airborne innovations, Delta is advancing its commitment to sustainability through a partnership with Green Taxi Aerospace to develop an all-electric taxiing system for aircraft. This technology aims to reduce emissions and improve efficiency during ground operations, although it faces potential regulatory and technical hurdles. The initiative has already attracted attention from competitors such as Republic Airways and SkyWest Airlines, who may seek to implement similar electric taxiing solutions to maintain competitive parity. Embracing Technology to Enhance Customer Experience Beyond transportation innovations, Bastian highlighted Delta’s strategic use of artificial intelligence to improve customer service, particularly through enhancements to the FlyDelta app. While acknowledging the hype surrounding AI, he stressed the airline’s cautious approach to ensure that technology effectively addresses traveler needs and streamlines the management of their journeys. As Delta marks its centennial anniversary, these pioneering partnerships and technological advancements reflect the airline’s vision for shaping the future of air travel over the next hundred years.

Air Force Explores Leasing Civilian Aircraft to Sustain Pilot Flight Currency Amid Readiness Challenges The U.S. Air Force is investigating the potential of leasing civilian aircraft to assist its pilots in maintaining flight currency, responding to a notable decline in fleet readiness. A recent request for information (RFI) issued by Air Combat Command (ACC) on October 10 signals the service’s interest in commercial leasing arrangements with aircraft owners located near military installations. Addressing Declining Readiness and Pilot Shortages The RFI invites contractors to provide details about their aircraft, including FAA airworthiness certifications and operational capabilities, with submissions due by October 24. While ACC clarifies that this solicitation is strictly for market research, it arrives amid concerning readiness metrics. The Air Force’s mission capable rate fell to approximately 67 percent in fiscal year 2024, down from over 71 percent in 2022, as reported by Air & Space Forces Magazine. This decline is attributed to a combination of pilot shortages and an aging fleet, with the average aircraft age now at 32 years—nearly twice as old as two decades ago. The current inventory, numbering just over 5,000 aircraft, represents the smallest fleet in the Air Force’s 78-year history. Under the proposed leasing framework, civilian aircraft would be employed for “non-qualifying flight operations” as authorized by the FAA, enabling Air Force pilots to maintain essential flying skills. The aircraft must be readily accessible within 30 minutes of any USAF Fighter Wing and require no significant modifications to be integrated into operations. Notably, the RFI is classified as an excepted activity during the ongoing government shutdown, underscoring its priority. Parallels and Challenges in Civilian-Military Integration This initiative bears resemblance to the Air Force’s Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) program, which allows the military to augment its airlift capacity by borrowing commercial aircraft during emergencies. As of 2024, CRAF includes over 25 carriers and 400 aircraft, providing vital passenger and cargo support when military assets are stretched. In peacetime, participating airlines benefit from opportunities to bid on military airlift contracts, fostering a symbiotic relationship. However, incorporating civilian aircraft into pilot training raises significant challenges. Ensuring that civilian platforms and pilots meet military standards may necessitate specialized training programs. The logistical complexity of integrating civilian aircraft into military training environments could introduce operational difficulties, while additional maintenance and support requirements may increase costs. Furthermore, skepticism persists within both military and civilian aviation communities regarding the practicality and effectiveness of this approach. Market responses have been varied. Some defense contractors emphasize the strengths of their existing pilot training programs and have proposed retrofitting civilian aircraft with military-grade systems as a competitive alternative. The Air Force’s exploration of civilian leasing to address pilot currency issues may stimulate further competition and innovation within the aviation and defense sectors. As the Air Force confronts ongoing readiness and pilot currency challenges, the potential use of civilian aircraft offers a possible interim solution, albeit one accompanied by operational, financial, and industry complexities.

How StandardAero’s New MRO Deals Could Shape Its Role in Global Aviation StandardAero has recently secured new and extended maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) agreements with Mauritania Airlines and Oman’s SalamAir, reinforcing its status as a leading provider of services for CFM International engines. These contracts, effective through October 2025, focus on the CFM LEAP and CFM56 engine families and highlight StandardAero’s dedication to advancing technician training and innovating component repair. Such commitments are increasingly vital as airlines modernize their fleets and demand more sophisticated MRO capabilities. Expanding Partnerships Amidst a Growing Market These expanded agreements arrive at a critical juncture for the global aviation aftermarket. Airlines worldwide are intensifying efforts to optimize operations and extend the service life of their aircraft, driving heightened demand for specialized MRO services. By broadening its customer base and increasing workshop utilization, StandardAero strengthens its competitive position in a sector marked by rapid technological advancements and evolving fleet requirements. Nevertheless, scaling service growth to align with broader industry ambitions presents notable challenges. For instance, ATR’s strategy to expand its presence in the U.S.—where only 49 of its roughly 1,200 aircraft currently operate—underscores the necessity for a robust MRO infrastructure. This expansion is poised to support an anticipated increase of 12 million annual regional air passengers on routes under 400 nautical miles. To capitalize on such growth, StandardAero must ensure its service network can adapt and expand in tandem with the evolving regional aviation market. Navigating Competitive and Market Pressures Competitive pressures within the MRO sector are intensifying. Pratt & Whitney, a key rival, is addressing material supply chain constraints through vertical integration and the implementation of advanced, data-driven materials forecasting. This strategy may establish new benchmarks for supply chain management, compelling StandardAero to enhance its own logistics and procurement processes to maintain reliability and cost efficiency. Looking ahead, Europe’s commercial fleet is projected to expand by 40% by 2035, fueling a $350 billion MRO market. This anticipated growth presents both significant opportunities and increased competition for StandardAero as it aims to capture a larger share of global MRO demand. The company’s ongoing investments in workforce development and repair technology position it favorably, yet its success will depend on its ability to respond effectively to shifting market dynamics and evolving customer expectations. Investment Outlook and Strategic Considerations From an investment perspective, StandardAero’s recent contract momentum may provide reassurance to shareholders seeking evidence of sustainable earnings growth. While these new deals support the company’s growth outlook, they are unlikely to materially alter its near-term risk profile, as forecasts had already accounted for a steady pipeline of contracts and robust demand in commercial aerospace. However, the company’s premium valuation and elevated price-to-earnings ratio remain potential risks, particularly if future contract acquisitions slow or profit margins face downward pressure. Ultimately, StandardAero’s capacity to manage supply chain complexities, scale its service offerings, and respond to global fleet expansion will be decisive in shaping its long-term role within the aviation MRO landscape. As the industry continues to evolve, the company’s strategic partnerships and operational agility will be critical factors influencing its future trajectory.

IndiGo Confirms Firm Order for 30 Airbus A350-900 Wide-Body Aircraft IndiGo has formalized a firm order with Airbus for 30 additional A350-900 wide-body aircraft, marking a significant expansion of its long-haul fleet. This latest agreement brings IndiGo’s total firm orders for the A350-900 to 60, alongside purchase rights for an additional 40 wide-body jets. The move represents a strategic pivot for the airline, which has historically concentrated on narrow-body aircraft. Strategic Implications Amid Intensifying Competition The decision to invest heavily in the A350-900 comes amid heightened competition in the global aviation sector. Airbus’s A320 family recently overtook Boeing’s 737 in deliveries, intensifying the rivalry between the two manufacturers and influencing fleet strategies worldwide. IndiGo’s commitment to the A350-900 positions the airline to strengthen its presence on international routes, although it also introduces new operational and maintenance complexities that will require careful management. Competitors are adjusting their own fleet compositions in response to evolving market demands. Lufthansa, for instance, is streamlining its operations by increasing its use of A350s and Boeing 787s to enhance efficiency and flexibility. Similarly, Cathay Pacific’s relaunch of the Hong Kong-Seattle route with the A350-900 underscores the aircraft’s growing importance in long-haul travel, potentially shaping IndiGo’s ambitions in comparable markets. Operational Challenges and Market Response Operational considerations remain a critical focus as IndiGo prepares to integrate the A350-900 into its fleet. Iberia’s ongoing evaluation of in-house maintenance capabilities for the A350 offers valuable insights into the challenges associated with managing this aircraft type. Ensuring efficient maintenance and operational readiness will be essential as IndiGo scales up its wide-body operations. The market’s reaction to IndiGo’s announcement was subdued. Shares of Interglobe Aviation Ltd, IndiGo’s parent company, closed at ₹5,852.00 on the Bombay Stock Exchange, down ₹29.00 or 0.49% on the day. As IndiGo advances its wide-body strategy, the airline faces the dual challenge of navigating a competitive international landscape while addressing the operational demands of a more diverse fleet.

IndiGo Doubles Airbus A350 Order to 60 Aircraft IndiGo has announced a substantial expansion of its fleet by doubling its order for Airbus A350-900 aircraft from 30 to 60. This decision represents a significant milestone in the airline’s strategy to enhance its international operations and presence. Strategic Expansion Amid Industry Challenges Pieter Elbers, IndiGo’s chief executive, described the announcement as a pivotal moment for the airline. He emphasized that converting the memorandum of understanding into a firm order for an additional 30 A350-900s reflects IndiGo’s confidence in the future of Indian aviation and its strategic partnership with Airbus. This expansion aligns with the airline’s ambition to strengthen its position on international routes. The order comes at a time when the global aviation industry is contending with supply chain disruptions and manufacturing delays, factors that may affect the delivery schedule of the new aircraft. Despite these challenges, IndiGo’s commitment signals its intent to compete more vigorously in the international market, potentially intensifying competition among low-cost carriers in the region. Market Implications and Operational Considerations Industry analysts suggest that IndiGo’s fleet expansion could encourage rival airlines to adopt similar growth strategies. For instance, the Abra Group has recently increased its commitment to Airbus jets, reflecting a wider trend of fleet modernization and expansion within the sector. Operational factors will be critical as IndiGo integrates the A350 wide-body aircraft into its fleet. Maintenance and operational costs associated with the new planes will influence the airline’s international growth plans. Concurrently, the market continues to demonstrate strong demand for Airbus’s A320 series, which is increasingly favored over Boeing’s 737 by carriers prioritizing efficiency and reliability. IndiGo’s latest order highlights both the opportunities and challenges confronting Indian aviation as airlines strive to expand their share of the global market. Navigating ongoing supply chain issues and evolving competitive dynamics, IndiGo’s bold move signals a new phase of growth and rivalry in the region.

Airlines Ground Boeing 737s Amid CFM56 Engine Failures Aerolíneas Argentinas has grounded eight Boeing 737-800 aircraft as a precautionary measure following a series of engine failures involving their CFM56-7B engines. This decision follows a recent incident in which a flight from Buenos Aires to Córdoba was forced to divert to Ezeiza International Airport due to an engine malfunction. This event marks the fourth such failure within the past year, raising significant concerns about the reliability of these engines. Engine Reliability and Industry Implications The CFM56-7B engines, manufactured by CFM International—a joint venture between GE Aviation and Safran Aircraft Engines—have reportedly experienced failures well before reaching the recommended service interval of 17,200 flight cycles. None of the affected engines had approached this threshold, prompting Aerolíneas Argentinas to describe the grounding as a “preventative” action. The airline emphasized that the issue is confined to the engines themselves and does not impact the structural integrity of the aircraft. A formal technical assessment has been requested from the manufacturer to investigate the root causes. This development reflects broader challenges confronting the global aviation industry, which is grappling with engine reliability concerns alongside ongoing supply chain disruptions. For instance, Spirit Airlines recently secured $72 million in credits from Pratt & Whitney due to grounded aircraft equipped with GTF engines experiencing similar issues. Mauritania Airlines has responded by selecting StandardAero to provide maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) support for its CFM56-7B engines. Other carriers, including Ascend Airways, are also facing reliability challenges, particularly with newer LEAP-1B engines. Industry analysts warn that supply chain constraints could impose costs exceeding $11 billion on airlines in 2025, driven by increased fuel expenses, maintenance and leasing costs, and surplus inventory. In response, Safran has initiated construction of a new LEAP MRO facility in Casablanca, scheduled to open in 2027, aiming to alleviate maintenance bottlenecks. Pilots’ Response and Safety Concerns The Asociación de Pilotos de Líneas Aéreas (APLA), representing Aerolíneas Argentinas pilots, has declared that its members will refuse to operate the eight affected 737 aircraft. The union criticized what it described as an “alarming lack of management” and is demanding a comprehensive mitigation plan to address the safety risks. APLA attributes the recurring engine failures to systemic issues rather than isolated incidents and has called for an urgent review of the airline’s technical oversight procedures. The union has made clear that the airline bears responsibility for any flight cancellations or delays resulting from the grounding. Details of the Latest Incident The most recent engine failure occurred on October 15, 2025, involving Flight AR1526, operated by a Boeing 737-800 registered as LV-FSK. While en route from Aeroparque Jorge Newbery (AEP) to Córdoba (COR), the flight crew detected a technical failure in the number one engine. Declaring an emergency, the aircraft diverted safely to Ezeiza International Airport (EZE). All 161 passengers and crew were unharmed and subsequently re-accommodated on an alternate flight. Operations at Aeroparque were temporarily suspended to facilitate the removal of metallic debris believed to have originated from the engine. The aircraft has since been withdrawn from service pending detailed inspections by both airline and manufacturer technical teams. As airlines worldwide continue to face mounting operational and financial pressures stemming from engine reliability issues, the situation at Aerolíneas Argentinas highlights the urgent need for coordinated industry efforts to safeguard safety and reduce disruptions.