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Researchers Develop Safer Communication Systems for Drones and Air Taxis

Researchers Develop Safer Communication Systems for Drones and Air Taxis
Advancing Communication Frameworks for Autonomous Aerial Systems
As drones and air taxis move closer to widespread adoption for applications such as deliveries, emergency response, and personal transportation, ensuring their safe and reliable operation has become a critical concern. Researchers at the University of Kansas (KU) are addressing this challenge through a project funded by a $760,000 grant from the National Science Foundation. Their work focuses on developing advanced communication frameworks designed to support the future of autonomous aerial vehicles.
The initiative is led by Morteza Hashemi, associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science at KU. The team’s primary objective is to create “intelligent spectrum management frameworks” that facilitate dependable communication for drones. Central to their research is the 5030–5091 MHz “C-band,” an aviation-grade segment of the electromagnetic spectrum currently under review by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for drone applications. Hashemi noted that the FCC’s proposal to repurpose this band aims to establish interference-protected communication links between drones and ground control stations, a vital step toward operational safety.
Dynamic Frequency Management and Spectrum Allocation
Collaborating with aerospace engineering professor Shawn Keshmiri and economics professor Tarun Sabarwal, Hashemi is developing a Dynamic Frequency Management System (DFMS) to coordinate access within the limited 60 MHz frequency band. Their project, titled “AeroSpec: An Adaptive Spectrum Framework for Autonomous Aerial Systems,” seeks to optimize spectrum allocation to accommodate an increasing number of drone operators while maximizing the efficient use of available frequencies.
The research team is employing a combination of spectrum coexistence algorithms, artificial intelligence-driven spectrum sensing, and decentralized “advance-reservation” market mechanisms. These innovations aim to enable dynamic, time- and location-based spectrum access, potentially introducing a “pay-as-you-fly” model for drone operations. Such a system could prove especially beneficial in rural and remote regions, where drones have the potential to deliver medical supplies and emergency equipment more rapidly than conventional ground transportation.
Challenges and Validation Efforts
Despite the promise of these technologies, significant obstacles remain. Regulatory complexities, high development costs, and the technical demands of ensuring safe and reliable communications continue to pose challenges. The market response has been cautious, with some investors wary of the economic and operational difficulties confronting electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) developers. In light of these challenges, some industry players are pivoting toward more attainable market segments or focusing on incremental improvements in communication technologies.
Government initiatives, such as the Trump administration’s pilot program to expedite the development of electric air taxis, underscore ongoing efforts to establish regulatory frameworks and foster public-private partnerships. These initiatives highlight the critical role of robust communication systems in safely integrating drones and air taxis into national airspace.
To test and validate their algorithms, the KU team plans to conduct multi-UAV flight experiments at the university’s Flight Research Lab. These tests will assess real-world bandwidth and spectrum requirements, ensuring that the developed dynamic spectrum algorithms perform effectively in operational environments. Hashemi emphasized that their goal extends beyond algorithm development to include rigorous validation using actual systems.
As the use of drones expands, the researchers at KU anticipate that their work will contribute to faster delivery services, enhanced emergency response capabilities, and new transportation options, particularly in underserved communities. Their efforts address both the technical and regulatory challenges that must be overcome to realize the full potential of autonomous aerial systems.

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