TDA Signs Agreement with MRO Japan

Robo.ai and Ewatt Aerospace Establish RoVTOL Joint Venture to Propel eVTOL Aircraft Development Robo.ai and the US-based Ewatt Aerospace have announced the creation of RoVTOL, a joint venture designed to accelerate the global deployment of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft from the United Arab Emirates. This partnership leverages Robo.ai’s regional expertise, regulatory support, and market access in the Middle East alongside Ewatt Aerospace’s proprietary eVTOL technology, technical assistance, and personnel training capabilities. Strategic Leadership and Operational Plans RoVTOL will be chaired by Benjamin Zhai, CEO of Robo.ai, with Steven Wang, Ewatt Aerospace’s chief product officer, appointed as CEO. The joint venture intends to establish a state-of-the-art eVTOL assembly facility within the UAE, facilitating local production and expediting aircraft delivery. Additionally, RoVTOL aims to develop a global sales network under its own brand, tailoring existing eVTOL models to meet the specific demands of regional markets, particularly in the Middle East and Europe. The company’s initial product focus includes several advanced eVTOL models: the ET1, featuring fully autonomous control for rapid deployment across diverse scenarios; the ET2, a two-seat light aircraft designed for low-altitude tourism and emergency rescue missions; the ET3-e, an all-electric variant intended for surveying and public safety applications; the ET3-h, a hydrogen-lithium hybrid optimized for high-frequency operations; and the ET9, an electric passenger aircraft targeting urban air mobility and emergency rescue, with derivative models supporting unmanned operations and logistics. Industry Context and Challenges Ewatt Aerospace chairman Ren Wenguang highlighted the complementary nature of the partnership, stating, “Ewatt’s accumulated expertise in the eVTOL field is highly complementary to Robo.ai’s global resources. Together, we will accelerate the transformation of technological achievements into market competitiveness.” Despite the promising outlook, RoVTOL faces significant challenges, including navigating regulatory compliance across multiple jurisdictions, integrating technologies between the two partners, and contending with intense competition in the rapidly evolving eVTOL sector. The advanced air mobility industry is attracting substantial investor interest, as demonstrated by recent funding milestones such as Eve Air Mobility’s $230 million capital raise and Merlin’s pursuit of funding through a SPAC-backed initial public offering. These developments underscore a competitive environment where both established and emerging players are intensifying efforts in research, development, and strategic alliances. Benjamin Zhai expressed confidence in RoVTOL’s future, emphasizing the venture’s strategic advantages: “Leveraging the technical strength of the ET series and the global sales network, we are confident in establishing RoVTOL as a key player in the global eVTOL market. Simultaneously, we will promote the synergistic implementation of ‘Smart Mobility, Smart Devices, and Smart Contracts’, contributing to Dubai’s vision of becoming a World Smart City.” As the eVTOL market continues its rapid expansion, RoVTOL’s entry is poised to stimulate further innovation and competition, with industry observers closely monitoring how the joint venture addresses regulatory, technological, and market challenges.

LODD Launches UAE’s First Indigenous Cargo Drones LODD has unveiled the United Arab Emirates’ first homegrown cargo drones, marking a significant advancement in the nation’s logistics sector. Speaking to Gulf News, Al Manai, a representative of LODD, highlighted the critical role of speed in logistics, stating, “Time is the enemy in logistics. Every step where goods sit waiting is lost value.” The newly introduced drones are designed to tackle this issue by offering faster, more flexible delivery options that do not rely on the extensive infrastructure required by traditional cargo aviation. Al Manai further explained that this technology could reduce air freight costs to nearly a tenth of current rates, potentially revolutionizing the cost structure of air logistics. Challenges and Industry Context While the introduction of these indigenous cargo drones represents a milestone, LODD faces several significant challenges as it seeks to bring the technology to market. Regulatory approval remains a primary obstacle, with authorities focused on ensuring the safe integration of drones into the national airspace. Additionally, gaining market acceptance will be essential, as potential clients must be convinced of the advantages of drone delivery compared to established logistics methods. The competitive landscape is also intensifying. Established companies such as ZenaTech, Inc., Mobilicom Limited, and AeroVironment, Inc. have already secured substantial market share and possess advanced technological capabilities. These incumbents are expected to respond to LODD’s entry by leveraging their existing infrastructure and continuing to innovate, aiming to maintain or expand their foothold in the rapidly evolving drone logistics sector. Despite these hurdles, LODD’s announcement has generated heightened interest in drone technology across multiple industries, including agriculture, military applications, and land surveying. Industry experts suggest that the flexibility and cost-efficiency of cargo drones could transform supply chains and create new business opportunities throughout the region. As LODD progresses through regulatory processes and navigates competitive pressures, its success could set a precedent for further technological innovation within the UAE’s logistics industry, potentially reshaping the transportation of goods both domestically and internationally.

Uber’s Ambitious Plan to Launch Air Taxi Service by 2026 Uber has unveiled plans to introduce an air taxi service by 2026, aiming to transform urban transportation through the deployment of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. In collaboration with aviation companies Joby Aviation and Blade Air Mobility, Uber intends to offer rapid, on-demand flights that bypass congested city streets, promising a new dimension of urban mobility. Challenges in Regulation and Safety Despite the promise of this innovative service, Uber faces considerable obstacles. Regulatory approval remains a significant challenge, as aviation authorities around the world have yet to establish comprehensive frameworks for commercial air taxi operations. Safety concerns are paramount, requiring Uber to prove the reliability of its eVTOL aircraft and to effectively integrate new flight corridors into already busy urban airspace. Furthermore, the company must ensure that the air taxi service is seamlessly integrated with its existing ride-hailing platform to deliver a smooth and user-friendly experience. Market Dynamics and Competitive Landscape The announcement has elicited mixed reactions from the market. Investors are closely watching Uber’s partnerships and technological progress amid intensifying competition in the autonomous and aerial mobility sectors. Notably, Lyft, one of Uber’s main competitors, has secured a partnership with Baidu to deploy robotaxis in Europe, highlighting a broader industry trend toward autonomous transportation solutions. Uber’s ambitions extend beyond air taxis. The company is actively testing robotaxi services in Munich in partnership with the Chinese autonomous driving startup Momenta. This initiative reflects Uber’s aggressive strategy to expand its autonomous ridesharing offerings, which may trigger further competitive responses from other players in the ride-hailing industry. As Uber advances toward realizing its air taxi vision, it must navigate a complex interplay of regulatory, technological, and competitive challenges. Success in this endeavor could represent a significant leap forward in urban mobility, potentially reshaping how people navigate cities in the near future.

KF Aerospace Expands Fleet with Third ATR 72-500F Acquisition from FlyCAA KF Aerospace has announced the acquisition of a third ATR 72-500F aircraft from passenger and cargo operator FlyCAA, marking a pivotal advancement in the company’s fleet modernization efforts. This addition supports KF Aerospace’s recently renewed 10-year contract to manage Purolator’s British Columbia Feeder Network (BCFN), which requires a modernized fleet of three cargo aircraft—two containerized and one bulk-loaded—to maintain efficient and reliable cargo operations throughout the region. Transitioning to a Modernized Fleet The ATR 72-500F has been selected to replace KF Aerospace’s aging Convair 580 fleet, for which the company holds the type certificate. The newly acquired aircraft, originally configured for passenger service, was purchased during a maintenance visit to an MRO facility in Toulouse, France, and arrived at KF Aerospace’s Kelowna International Airport (YLW) facility late last month. The aircraft is slated for an in-house Large Cargo Door (LCD) conversion at the Kelowna facility this autumn. This conversion will incorporate several modifications and Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs), including ADS-B and dual Flight Management System (FMS) upgrades, to ensure alignment with existing fleet standards and operational consistency. The aircraft is expected to enter service for the BCFN later this year. Tracy Medve, CEO of KF Capital Ltd., highlighted the strategic importance of the acquisition, stating, “The acquisition of this third aircraft represents a continued investment in the modernization of our air cargo fleet. As part of our fleet upgrade strategy for our long-standing partnership with Purolator, this aircraft further supports our commitment to delivering safe, efficient, and reliable service for Purolator’s BC Feeder Network.” Fleet Integration and Industry Implications KF Aerospace has already completed a full cargo door conversion on its first ATR 72-500F, which commenced revenue flights last month. A second aircraft, acquired from ACIA Aero Leasing and configured for bulk loading, is scheduled to enter service this fall. All three ATR 72-500Fs are expected to be fully operational by 2026, reinforcing KF Aerospace’s capacity to support Purolator’s regional cargo network. As the company expands its fleet and service capabilities, it faces challenges related to integrating new technologies and scaling its workforce to meet growing maintenance demands. This expansion is also poised to intensify competition within the Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) sector, as rival providers may pursue similar upgrades or expansions to maintain their market positions. With the full integration of the ATR 72-500F fleet, KF Aerospace aims to enhance operational efficiency and reliability for Purolator’s British Columbia Feeder Network, while navigating the evolving demands of the air cargo and MRO industries.

Five African Airlines Collaborate to Improve MRO Efficiency A Strategic Partnership to Enhance Maintenance Operations Five prominent African airlines have announced a collaborative initiative aimed at transforming maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) operations across the continent. The partnership, confirmed by the African Airlines Association (AFRAA), unites Royal Air Maroc, EgyptAir, Kenya Airways, Ethiopian Airlines MRO, and SAA Technical, the maintenance division of South African Airways. This alliance seeks to reduce operational costs, improve efficiency, and elevate safety standards within Africa’s aviation sector. The announcement was made by AFRAA Secretary-General Abderahmane Berthé during the 9th Aviation Africa Summit & Exhibition held in Kigali, Rwanda. Berthé highlighted the growing potential of Africa’s MRO market, noting that a significant portion of maintenance work is still outsourced internationally. To address this, AFRAA plans to launch the AFRICA MRO event in 2026, with details on the date and venue to be disclosed shortly. Addressing Challenges and Building Capacity A dedicated MRO task force has been instrumental in developing the framework for this collaboration, and a committee comprising representatives from the five airlines has been established to oversee its implementation. The partnership aims to tackle persistent challenges faced by the continent’s aviation industry, where reliance on overseas MRO providers has resulted in elevated costs, extended turnaround times, and frequent disruptions to flight schedules. Despite the rapid growth of Africa’s aviation market, the continent continues to have a limited number of MRO centers, with infrastructure particularly underdeveloped in West Africa. The sector also grapples with a shortage of skilled technicians, supply chain difficulties, foreign exchange constraints, inconsistent regulatory oversight, and logistical complexities arising from vast geographical distances. Addressing these issues will require substantial domestic investment to develop infrastructure and expand local technical capabilities. The alliance also intends to confront digital maintenance challenges by improving data exchange and adopting advanced technological solutions. Emphasis will be placed on fostering a competitive aftermarket environment and integrating innovations such as predictive maintenance to enhance operational reliability and efficiency. Implications for the African Aviation Market Industry analysts anticipate that this collaboration could intensify competition among African carriers as they leverage enhanced MRO capabilities. In response, other airlines and MRO providers may seek to upgrade their services or establish new partnerships to maintain competitiveness. Efforts to expand and modernize local MRO capacity are already in progress. Ethiopian Airlines Group, for instance, recently invested over $150 million in three new MRO facilities at Addis Ababa International Airport. Officially inaugurated on July 22, 2025, the expansion includes a component maintenance workshop, a central warehouse, and a two-bay general maintenance hangar, adding more than 170 new component capabilities to the airline’s FAA-approved repair list. As the committee representing the five airlines advances this initiative, the collaboration is poised to play a crucial role in strengthening Africa’s aviation sector by reducing dependence on foreign providers, cultivating local expertise, and establishing higher standards for safety and operational efficiency.

Trax Launches eMobility Service at Air Europa Express, Marking EASA Regulatory Milestone Trax, a prominent provider of paperless aviation maintenance and engineering software, has announced the successful deployment of its expanded eMobility applications suite at Air Europa Express. The Spanish carrier, which had already integrated several of Trax’s eMobility tools for real-time line maintenance, has now fully transitioned from a paper-based technical and cabin logbook system to Trax’s Electronic Logbook solution across its Boeing 737 fleet. A Pioneering Step Under EASA Regulations This transition establishes Air Europa Express as the first airline to implement Trax’s Electronic Logbook under the regulatory framework of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). This milestone reflects increasing regulatory confidence in digital maintenance solutions within Europe. While Trax’s Electronic Logbook has previously been adopted by operators regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the UK Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA), this latest deployment signals a potential for wider acceptance among European carriers. Francisco Borja Mas Boned, Head of Innovation Maintenance Department at Air Europa, emphasized the operational benefits of the new system. He noted that the Electronic Logbook’s intuitive design has facilitated seamless adoption by maintenance crews, enhancing operational safety through the provision of real-time, reliable, and accessible data. “By leveraging these advanced tools, we are optimizing and modernizing our maintenance operations, setting a new standard for innovation in the aviation industry,” he stated. Nelson Perea, Regional Director of EMEA at Trax, highlighted the collaborative nature of the project, expressing pride in the ongoing partnership with Air Europa Express. He remarked, “Trax appreciates Air Europa Express’ continued enthusiasm for our solutions, including the recent expansion of their selected eMobility apps. We are proud to continue to collaborate with the airline by replacing their previously paper-intensive flight deck and cabin-based processes with a fully digital approach.” Challenges and Market Implications Despite the successful launch, Trax faces several challenges as it seeks to broaden its eMobility services across the European market. Regulatory compliance remains a complex and evolving landscape, necessitating continuous adaptation to meet stringent aviation standards. Additionally, integrating the new digital solutions with existing airline systems presents technical challenges. The presence of established competitors in the digital maintenance sector may also intensify, as they could respond by enhancing their own offerings or forming strategic partnerships to protect market share. Industry analysts and consumers may initially approach the new service with caution, questioning its effectiveness and the speed at which it will be adopted across the sector. The recent investment by Turkish Airlines in Air Europa, aimed at expanding network growth in Spain and Latin America, could further influence market dynamics and competitive strategies, potentially accelerating digital transformation initiatives among regional carriers. As Air Europa Express sets a precedent with its adoption of Trax’s Electronic Logbook under EASA oversight, the move is expected to attract close attention from regulators and competitors alike. The airline’s digital shift not only streamlines maintenance operations but also signals a broader trend toward modernization and innovation within the European aviation industry.

Reusing Residual Fuel from Retired Aircraft The aviation industry remains a significant contributor to global carbon emissions, primarily due to its dependence on kerosene-based fuels. Kerosene is favored for its high energy density and relatively low cost, making it difficult to replace with more sustainable alternatives. However, stringent safety regulations and legal constraints result in substantial quantities of unused kerosene from decommissioned aircraft being discarded rather than repurposed. Challenges in Reusing Residual Fuel Typically, kerosene is loaded into an aircraft only once, and extracting it from fuel tanks poses considerable risks. The process can introduce contaminants such as water, microbes, or debris, which may cause engine damage or failure—risks that are unacceptable in an industry where safety is paramount. Consequently, the reuse of kerosene in other aircraft remains rare despite its potential environmental and economic advantages. In an ideal scenario, residual fuel would be removed through a contamination-free process, stored in sterile containers, and transported safely for reuse. However, current practices fall short of this standard. Safety concerns, regulatory barriers, and legal restrictions complicate the process. For instance, kerosene used on international flights is tax-exempt, but removing it from an aircraft and transporting it off-airport can trigger taxes and levies. Furthermore, as a hazardous substance, kerosene must be handled and transported exclusively by licensed companies, adding to the costs and logistical challenges. Disposal Practices and Industry Responses Due to these obstacles, companies involved in aircraft dismantling often resort to alternative disposal methods. Residual kerosene may be sold to other industries, such as asphalt production, or blended with motor oil for heating purposes. Alternatively, it is sent to licensed hazardous waste facilities where it is typically incinerated for energy recovery. Both approaches involve regulatory compliance and incur costs, while incineration contributes additional carbon dioxide emissions. Despite these challenges, some companies are pioneering solutions to safely reuse residual fuel. For example, CH-Aero in the Netherlands has developed advanced defueling and refueling procedures employing specialized pumps and licensed transport services. Michelle Arentz, CH-Aero’s commercial director, highlights the company’s collaboration with firms like Weltens Transport, which has facilitated the safe movement of large quantities of fuel across Europe, demonstrating that technical barriers can be overcome. Nevertheless, broader adoption of such practices faces persistent regulatory uncertainties, particularly concerning the taxation and classification of reused fuel. The market is also influenced by competition from sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which is gaining traction as airlines intensify efforts to reduce emissions. Financing remains a critical challenge, as significant investment is required to establish dedicated recycling facilities capable of processing residual aviation fuel safely and efficiently. Market Dynamics and Future Prospects As demand for SAF grows, airlines and fuel suppliers are exploring innovative recycling technologies and forming strategic partnerships to improve fuel efficiency and sustainability. Some industry players are investing in their own recycling capabilities, aiming to transform residual fuel from waste into a valuable resource. While technical solutions for reusing residual aircraft fuel exist, widespread implementation will depend on regulatory clarity, industry investment, and ongoing innovation. As the aviation sector increasingly prioritizes sustainability, effective recycling of residual kerosene could become an important component in reducing emissions and minimizing resource waste.

Sky One Chairman Jaideep Mirchandani Advocates for Cross-Trained Talent in India’s Aircraft Leasing Sector India’s aviation industry has historically relied heavily on international lenders, reflecting the underdeveloped state of domestic aviation finance. This dependence has highlighted the pressing need to establish a robust local financing and leasing ecosystem. A significant milestone was achieved earlier this year when Axis Bank, through its GIFT City branch, completed India’s first US dollar-denominated aircraft financing deal for 34 training aircraft. This transaction not only demonstrated the capability of Indian banks to manage complex financial arrangements but also underscored GIFT City’s emerging prominence as a hub for aircraft leasing. Building a Domestic Leasing Industry Amid Legal and Market Reforms Currently, a substantial portion of India’s airline fleet is leased from foreign lessors, making the development of a domestic leasing industry critical to reducing reliance on overseas entities and mitigating foreign exchange outflows. Legal reforms, particularly the enactment of the Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Act, have aligned India more closely with the Cape Town Convention. This alignment has restored confidence among lessors by providing enhanced legal clarity and protection, thereby encouraging greater participation in the domestic market. Despite these advances, the sector faces several challenges. Increasing market competition, shifting taxation and tariff frameworks, and the persistent difficulty in attracting and retaining skilled professionals continue to pose obstacles. In this context, Jaideep Mirchandani, Chairman of Sky One, has emphasized the urgent need to develop cross-trained talent within India’s aircraft leasing industry. His call has resonated with industry stakeholders, prompting a renewed focus on cultivating specialized skills and expertise essential for navigating the complexities of aviation finance and leasing. Industry Response and the Path Forward The market’s response to Mirchandani’s appeal indicates a growing consensus on the importance of a highly skilled workforce. Competitors are intensifying efforts to enhance training programs and invest in workforce development. Leading aerospace companies, including Boeing, have initiated programs aimed at expanding India’s aerospace talent pool, setting a precedent for others in the sector. These combined efforts—strengthening legal frameworks, fostering domestic financing capabilities, and prioritizing talent development—are positioning India’s aviation finance industry to align more closely with global standards. As the sector continues to evolve, the emphasis on cross-trained professionals and specialized expertise will be pivotal in sustaining long-term competitiveness and growth.

Avelo Airlines Commits to 50 Embraer E195-E2 Jets, Plans Fleet Modernization and Expansion Avelo Airlines has placed a firm order for 50 Embraer E195-E2 aircraft, with options to acquire an additional 50 jets, signaling a major advancement in its strategy to broaden affordable and convenient air travel across the United States. Deliveries are scheduled to commence in the first half of 2027. Valued at $4.4 billion at list prices, excluding purchase rights, this agreement establishes Avelo as the first U.S. carrier to operate Embraer’s largest and most technologically advanced commercial aircraft. Modernizing the Fleet and Expanding Network Reach The introduction of the E195-E2 jets is set to modernize Avelo’s current fleet, which primarily consists of Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft. These new aircraft will operate alongside the existing fleet for the foreseeable future, enhancing cost efficiency and enabling the airline to extend its network reach. The E195-E2 incorporates advanced features such as Embraer’s proprietary Enhanced Takeoff System (E2TS), which offers superior short-field performance. This capability is expected to open new markets for Avelo and improve operational efficiency at many of its current airports. Additionally, the aircraft’s extended range, fuel efficiency, and reduced noise footprint align with Avelo’s ambitions for network growth and sustainability. Andrew Levy, Founder and CEO of Avelo Airlines, expressed strong enthusiasm about the partnership with Embraer, emphasizing the E195-E2’s passenger-centric design elements, including 2×2 seating, in-seat power ports, spacious overhead bins, and a quiet cabin environment. Levy stated, “The aircraft’s exceptional performance, size, and efficiency make it the perfect choice for the future growth of our scheduled service network. The airline industry in the United States is evolving, and the E2 fits perfectly with our vision for Avelo’s unique role in that evolution.” Industry Perspectives and Challenges Ahead Arjan Meijer, President and CEO of Embraer Commercial Aviation, described the E195-E2 as a “game-changer” for airlines pursuing profitable growth and enhanced passenger experience. He noted, “Avelo complements its narrowbody fleet with the best-in-class E195-E2. Its exceptional fuel efficiency, quiet operations, and short-field capability will unlock new markets and optimize capacity across its network—all with a cabin that passengers truly love.” Despite the promising outlook, Avelo faces challenges in integrating the new Embraer jets alongside its existing Boeing 737 fleet. This transition will require meticulous planning to ensure operational readiness and regulatory compliance. The move also occurs amid broader shifts in the U.S. airline market. For instance, JetBlue recently announced the retirement of its Embraer fleet in favor of Airbus A220s, reflecting a wider industry trend toward more efficient, next-generation aircraft. Such developments may prompt other low-cost carriers to pursue similar fleet modernization strategies, potentially intensifying competition. As Avelo prepares to introduce the E195-E2, the airline aims to leverage the aircraft’s advanced capabilities to strengthen its market position and enhance the travel experience, while carefully navigating the complexities of fleet integration and a rapidly evolving industry landscape.

India Set to Approve Safran-DRDO Jet Engine Project for AMCA Fighter India is poised to approve a significant defense collaboration with French aerospace leader Safran to jointly develop a 120-kilonewton (kN) jet engine for the country’s next-generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). This initiative, undertaken in partnership with the Defence Research and Development Organisation’s (DRDO) Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), is expected to proceed under a comprehensive technology transfer agreement. The project marks a crucial milestone in India’s pursuit of self-reliance in advanced defense manufacturing. Strategic Partnership and Technological Ambitions After nearly two years of negotiations, the proposal is reportedly nearing final approval. The joint venture aims to design and produce nine engine prototypes over a 12-year period. Initial models are expected to deliver 120 kN of thrust, with future iterations potentially reaching 140 kN. Importantly, the collaboration will operate under Indian intellectual property rights, with Safran transferring full technical know-how, including advanced single-crystal blade technology. This technology is essential for enabling engine components to withstand the extreme heat and pressure encountered in high-performance combat aircraft engines. The timing of this decision follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent Independence Day address, where he underscored the strategic imperative of indigenous jet engine development. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has also expressed strong support, emphasizing the government’s commitment to overcoming one of the most complex challenges in defense technology. Significance for the AMCA Program and India’s Defense Industry A 120 kN thrust engine is critical for the AMCA, a twin-engine stealth fighter designed to excel in high-speed combat, carry heavy payloads, and conduct long-range missions. The use of two such engines will provide the aircraft with the power necessary for advanced maneuverability and operational versatility. While DRDO has prior experience in jet engine development, notably through the Kaveri project, producing reliable high-thrust engines for combat aircraft remains a formidable technical challenge. The AMCA program itself involves significant participation from India’s private sector, including major industrial players such as Tata Group, Larsen & Toubro, and Adani Defence. This broad-based involvement reflects India’s ambition to cultivate a robust domestic defense manufacturing ecosystem. However, the project must navigate the technical and financial complexities inherent in developing such advanced technology. Industry observers remain cautious, noting persistent skepticism about India’s ability to achieve full independence in jet engine manufacturing, given the high barriers to entry and previous setbacks. Global Context and Strategic Implications Globally, only a handful of countries—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, and France—have mastered independent production of aircraft engines. China continues to rely on Russian engines or reverse-engineered variants. India’s earlier agreements with US-based General Electric for F-404 and GE-414 engines involved partial technology transfer, estimated at around 70 percent. In contrast, the Safran partnership is expected to provide complete access to critical technologies. The evolving international defense landscape may also favor India’s ambitions. European projects such as the Future Combat Air System (FCAS) have encountered delays and internal disagreements, potentially creating opportunities for Safran and DRDO to expand their influence in global defense collaborations. Officials highlight France’s reliability as a defense partner, recalling its continued support for India even after the 1998 nuclear tests. Prime Minister Modi has emphasized that mastering jet engine technology is not only vital for national security but could also drive innovations with civilian applications, thereby strengthening India’s broader technological base.