FlightLogger Appoints John Fiumara to Sales Development Team in Copenhagen

iniBuilds Releases In-Depth A380 Introduction Video for Microsoft Flight Simulator 2024 iniBuilds has unveiled a comprehensive introductory video showcasing its much-anticipated A380 Airliner add-on for Microsoft Flight Simulator 2024. Spanning nearly one hour and forty minutes, the presentation provides an extensive exploration of the aircraft, delving into its history, development, and a broad range of technical features. The video offers a meticulous exterior walkaround, highlighting key components such as the engine and wing design, landing gear, steering, brakes, tail, trim tank, and auxiliary power unit (APU). Additionally, viewers are guided through a full flight deck tour, demonstrations of ground equipment, before-start checklists, air start procedures, engine sounds, and a detailed explanation of thrust management. Detailed Flight Operations and Systems Overview The video further examines essential flight operations, including taxi techniques, take-off and rotation, climb procedures, thrust derates, engine vibration, and Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) management. It also addresses emergency planning, fuel jettison protocols, approach and handling characteristics, engine-out landings, and brake-to-vacate (BTV) procedures. iniBuilds introduces its new Electronic Flight Bag and highlights the add-on’s sophisticated loading system, ground services, built-in maintenance and wear system, autosave functionality, and integration with Ground Services X (GSX), among other complex systems. Market Context and Industry Challenges While the video has generated considerable enthusiasm within the flight simulation community, iniBuilds faces significant challenges as it prepares to launch the A380 add-on. The market for aircraft simulations is largely dominated by established industry leaders such as Airbus and Boeing, whose extensive resources and reputations for quality and realism set a high standard. Reactions to iniBuilds’ offering may be mixed, with some skepticism regarding its ability to meet or exceed the benchmarks established by these major players. Competitors are expected to respond with intensified marketing campaigns, emphasizing the advanced features of their own products or introducing enhancements to retain market share. The emergence of iniBuilds’ A380 may also prompt new collaborations or partnerships within the simulation industry, as companies seek to combine expertise and resources in response to this ambitious entry into the high-fidelity airliner segment. At present, iniBuilds has not disclosed a release date or pricing details for the A380 add-on. Meanwhile, the introduction video stands as a significant milestone, providing the flight simulation community with a thorough preview of what to anticipate from this project.

Air India Diverts and Cancels Flights Amid UK Aviation Disruptions Technical Fault at UK Air Traffic Control Causes Widespread Flight Disruptions A significant technical fault at NATS, the United Kingdom’s air traffic control provider, has led to extensive disruptions across flights operating to and from UK airports. The malfunction, which began on September 8, forced Air India to divert, delay, or cancel multiple services. The airline communicated these disruptions via social media on September 9, attributing the situation to factors beyond its control and urging passengers to verify the latest flight status before traveling to the airport. The fault has severely impacted flight schedules throughout the UK and beyond. According to flight tracking service Flightradar24, over 1,000 flights were cancelled on Tuesday alone. The disruption affected not only Air India but also major carriers including British Airways, EasyJet, KLM, and Lufthansa. Departures from key airports such as Heathrow, Gatwick, Manchester, and Stansted were particularly affected, with Heathrow confirming that departing flights bore the brunt of the disruption while arrivals initially continued with fewer issues. Impact on Air India Operations and Passenger Experience One notable incident involved Air India flight AI 131, en route from Mumbai to London, which was diverted to Zurich due to the operational disturbances at Heathrow. The flight carried more than 290 passengers who initially remained on board in Zurich awaiting further instructions. Ultimately, the flight was cancelled, and all passengers were deplaned. Air India has warned that the disruption could have a cascading effect on its broader network, as aircraft and crew were left out of position. This misalignment threatens to cause additional delays and cancellations, affecting both passenger and cargo services. The airline stated it is closely monitoring the evolving situation and implementing measures to minimize inconvenience, while acknowledging the significant operational challenges posed by the incident. Broader Implications for Air India and the Aviation Sector The operational fallout from the UK air traffic control failure presents considerable challenges for Air India. The airline faces increased operational costs, logistical complications, and delays in both passenger and cargo transport as it strives to restore normal schedules. This disruption also places Air India’s operational efficiency and reliability under heightened scrutiny, particularly as the carrier continues to expand its international presence. Competitors may seek to capitalize on the situation by rerouting flights through alternative hubs or increasing frequencies on less affected routes to capture displaced demand. The complexity of the situation is compounded by ongoing global aviation challenges, including extreme weather events, capacity constraints, and geopolitical tensions, all of which continue to strain airline operations worldwide. UK airports have emphasized their collaboration with NATS to restore normal operations and provide timely updates to passengers. Heathrow and other affected airports have advised travelers to contact their airlines directly for the most current information. As the situation develops, Air India and other carriers face the dual challenge of managing immediate operational disruptions while navigating an increasingly volatile global aviation environment.

Global Drone 2026 to Propel Autonomous Innovation on the Gold Coast The Gold Coast is poised to emerge as a global centre for drones, robotics, and autonomous technology with the upcoming Global Drone 2026 event scheduled for November. Announced by Mayor Tom Tate, this three-day gathering will convene industry leaders, innovators, and investors to present a comprehensive showcase of cutting-edge advancements in autonomous systems. A Comprehensive Showcase of Autonomous Technologies Global Drone 2026 will feature an international exhibition, an industry congress, keynote presentations, and more than 120 live demonstrations across air, land, and sea platforms. The event will host over 200 commercial exhibitors and encompass dedicated industry streams such as advanced air mobility, agribusiness, entertainment, health, disaster response, defence, mining, construction, asset inspection, and future careers. This broad scope aims to underscore the Gold Coast’s expanding capabilities in technology and innovation. Mayor Tate highlighted the event’s importance for the region, stating, “Global Drone is exactly the kind of event that can help put the Gold Coast on the world stage for the technologies that will shape our economy in the years ahead. This is not just about showcasing technology; it’s about inspiring young people and opening doors to new investment, trade, and business opportunities.” Economic Impact and Strategic Vision The event is anticipated to attract approximately 15,000 attendees and generate over $19 million in trade and investment activity within the following year. It is expected to reach a global audience exceeding 15 million through broadcast and digital media channels. Supported by the City of Gold Coast via Invest Gold Coast, Global Drone 2026 is strategically positioned to establish the city as a premier destination for robotics, autonomous systems, and advanced technology. Leanne St George, chief executive of Global Drone, emphasized the city’s unique advantages: “The Gold Coast has the right combination of industry, research, investment, infrastructure, and lifestyle to become a leading hub for autonomous innovation. Our vision is to create an event that delivers a lasting legacy for the region and connects Australian businesses, researchers, students, and investors with global leaders in this rapidly evolving industry.” Challenges and Industry Dynamics Despite the promising outlook, the autonomous technology sector faces significant challenges. Regulatory complexities, cybersecurity threats, and limited battery endurance remain critical obstacles. As the market for autonomous systems expands, regions investing in digital infrastructure are attracting increased interest, while competitors focus on enhancing autonomous capabilities and integrating advanced software to differentiate their offerings. Furthermore, developments such as the US Air Force’s interest in forward-deployed drone production and the shift toward distributed manufacturing resilience are reshaping the competitive landscape, highlighting the necessity for adaptability and robust security measures. Global Drone 2026 will be held at Cbus Super Stadium from 11 to 13 November. Tickets are available at www.globaldroneshow.com.

Rotax Orders Immediate Replacement of Turbocharger Valve Housing Rotax has issued a mandatory service bulletin requiring the replacement of the turbocharger valve housing on select 915 i and 916 i series engines prior to their next flight. Released on September 3, the directive targets engines and spare turbocharger assemblies identified by specific serial numbers, following the detection of oil leakage during end-of-line testing. Manufacturing Defects and Safety Risks An internal investigation by Rotax uncovered cracks and insufficient wall thickness in certain valve housings, attributing the defects to a supplier manufacturing issue. The company classified the flaw as unsafe, emphasizing that leaking oil could come into contact with hot exhaust components. This condition poses a risk of smoke generation and, in severe cases, could lead to an engine-compartment fire. The affected component is the valve housing, part number 956492. Additionally, some spare turbocharger assemblies bearing part number 893102 are impacted and must have the valve housing replaced before installation. Operational Impact and Industry Response The immediate replacement requirement is anticipated to increase operational costs for aircraft operators, as airlines and maintenance providers will need to adjust schedules and budgets to comply with the directive. The heightened maintenance demands may prompt a reassessment of maintenance strategies, potentially resulting in temporary disruptions or increased aircraft downtime. In the competitive landscape, engine manufacturers may seek to leverage this situation by offering alternative solutions or upgrades aimed at addressing similar reliability concerns, thereby intensifying competition within the engine maintenance and replacement market. Compliance Procedures and Maintenance Protocols To ensure compliance, owners and maintenance personnel must verify engine and turbocharger serial numbers against those listed in the service bulletin and consult engine logbooks to determine whether the valve housing has already been replaced. Stored engines and spare parts must be corrected before delivery, and uninstalled components must be addressed prior to installation. Rotax mandates that only authorized technicians, specifically those holding the iRMT heavy-maintenance qualification, perform the replacement work. The company will provide labor credit for qualifying replacements through authorized distributors or service centers, and all completed maintenance must be recorded in the engine logbook. Related Safety Directives This latest turbocharger service bulletin follows a recent airworthiness directive issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on August 28. That directive required inspections of approximately 180 U.S.-registered aircraft equipped with certain 912- and 914-series engines after Rotax identified that some recently manufactured propeller gearboxes were assembled without an oil spray nozzle and screws securing the propeller shaft bearing. Gearboxes missing these components were mandated to be replaced before further flight. As Rotax and the wider aviation industry address these safety concerns, operators face the dual challenge of maintaining regulatory compliance while managing the operational and financial implications of urgent maintenance requirements.

Air Cairo Acquires 15 A320neos in Landmark Direct Airbus Purchase Air Cairo has confirmed a firm order for 15 Airbus A320neo aircraft, marking the Egyptian carrier’s first direct purchase from Airbus. The announcement was made on September 8 during the El Alamein International Airshow in Egypt. Until now, Air Cairo’s A320-family jets have been obtained exclusively through leasing arrangements, making this order a significant milestone as the airline introduces company-owned Airbus aircraft into its fleet for the first time. Fleet Expansion and Strategic Implications Currently, Air Cairo operates a fleet comprising 20 A320neos and 12 earlier-generation A320ceos. The addition of 15 directly purchased A320neos will further consolidate the neo model’s predominance within the airline’s operations, as the older ceo variants are gradually being phased out. While the carrier has not disclosed a delivery timeline or specified whether the new aircraft will replace leased jets, support network expansion, or serve both functions, the move clearly signals a strategic shift towards greater control over its fleet composition and financing. Air Cairo, majority-owned by EgyptAir, commenced operations in October 2003 with an Airbus A320. Over the past five years, the airline has experienced rapid growth, expanding from a modest fleet of seven aircraft to a diverse lineup now centered on the A320 family. The current fleet includes 12 A320ceos, 20 A320neos, six ATR 72-600 turboprops, and three Embraer E190 regional jets. The ATRs and Embraers provide operational flexibility on routes where the 180-seat A320 would be less efficient, with seating capacities of 70 and 109 passengers respectively. The airline reports a total fleet size exceeding 45 aircraft. Notably, Air Cairo’s three Embraer E190s, delivered in December 2022 through Egyptian lessor CIAF Leasing, represent the final new aircraft of Embraer’s original E190 generation. These jets concluded production of the E190-E1 model as Embraer shifted focus to its newer E190-E2 and E195-E2 variants. Market Position and Competitive Challenges Air Cairo serves a broad network spanning Egypt, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. It operates as a hybrid carrier, combining scheduled services with a substantial leisure operation that connects European markets to Egyptian tourist destinations. The airline has set ambitious growth targets, aiming to expand its fleet to more than 130 aircraft by 2034—more than tripling its current size. The decision to purchase aircraft directly from Airbus reflects a strategic intent to enhance financial flexibility and reduce dependence on leasing companies amid this expansion. This fleet growth occurs against a backdrop of intensifying competition in the global aviation sector. Emerging carriers and established airlines alike may respond with aggressive pricing or accelerate the development of new aircraft models to maintain market share. The recent international introduction of China’s COMAC C919 exemplifies the evolving competitive landscape, potentially influencing regulatory frameworks and industry dynamics. As Air Cairo strengthens its fleet and market presence, it will navigate both significant growth opportunities and heightened competitive pressures.

Archer Aviation’s Air Taxi Ambitions Face Critical Test Transitioning from Concept to Reality Archer Aviation (NYSE: ACHR) is attracting renewed scrutiny as its Midnight electric air taxi advances from concept to operational demonstration. The company has launched a series of public flight showcases under its “No Roads” tour, aiming to introduce the Midnight aircraft to potential customers and communities beyond controlled test settings. These demonstrations highlight both the promise and the challenges inherent in electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) technology, as Archer seeks to bring urban air mobility closer to mainstream adoption. The Midnight aircraft embodies Archer’s vision to transform short-distance transportation by merging the flexibility of helicopters with the environmental benefits and potential cost efficiencies of electric propulsion. Designed for frequent, short urban and regional flights, the aircraft targets routes where conventional road travel is often slow or impractical. These public demonstrations serve a dual purpose: they are not only marketing efforts but also critical opportunities to collect data on aircraft performance, operational logistics, route planning, and passenger acceptance. By expanding flight activity across Northern California and other strategic regions, Archer aims to familiarize communities with the concept while gathering insights essential for future commercial deployment. For a business model that depends on persuading travelers to opt for air taxis over ground transport, demonstrating convenience, reliability, and safety is crucial. Competitive Landscape and Financial Challenges Archer’s ambitions unfold amid intense competition and significant financial pressures. The company recently acquired Boeing’s automated air taxi initiative, a strategic move that could provide a technological advantage over competitors such as Joby Aviation, which currently holds a market valuation exceeding $8.5 billion. This partnership with Boeing, which includes a minority stake and access to Wisk’s autonomous flight technology, is expected to bolster Archer’s position in the emerging air taxi market. The market responded positively to the Boeing acquisition, with Archer’s stock price rising sharply on the news. The deal is viewed as a potential catalyst, offering advanced automation capabilities that may accelerate Archer’s commercialization timeline. Nevertheless, the company’s financial statements reveal ongoing challenges. Despite a 213% increase in revenue, Archer reported a substantial net loss of $263.2 million in the second quarter of 2026. These significant losses continue to fuel debate over the company’s valuation and long-term sustainability. In contrast, Joby Aviation is pursuing a more measured growth strategy, leveraging established partnerships with firms such as Toyota and Blade. While Joby’s revenue growth has been more conservative, its reliance on experienced partners may provide a steadier, albeit slower, path to market entry. The Road Ahead for Urban Air Mobility As Archer moves the Midnight aircraft closer to public use and deepens its industry collaborations, the broader question remains whether eVTOL technology can transition from high-profile demonstrations to a commercially viable transportation network. The coming months will be pivotal as Archer and its competitors confront challenges related to certification, manufacturing readiness, infrastructure development, and, most critically, customer adoption. The outcome of these efforts will play a decisive role in determining whether urban air taxis can fundamentally reshape the future of short-distance travel.

Romania’s TAROM Receives First Boeing 737-8 Amid Fleet Renewal Romania’s national carrier, TAROM, has taken delivery of its first Boeing 737-8, marking a pivotal moment in the airline’s ongoing efforts to modernize its fleet. The aircraft, registered as YR-BGO (msn 60196), was handed over following its departure from Boeing’s Renton facility near Seattle on August 19. After a ferry flight from the U.S. West Coast to Reykjavik Keflavik on September 7, the jet is scheduled to arrive in Bucharest on the evening of September 8, 2026. This acquisition aligns with TAROM’s broader restructuring strategy under new management, which aims to address persistent financial challenges. Currently, the airline operates a mixed fleet comprising two ATR72-500s, four ATR72-600s, three Boeing 737-700s, and four Boeing 737-800s. The addition of the 737-8 represents a significant step toward fleet modernization, with a second Boeing 737-8, registered YR-BGN (msn 66425), expected to join the fleet shortly. In total, TAROM has placed orders for eight more Boeing 737-8 aircraft, signaling a long-term commitment to renewing its narrowbody fleet. Market Context and Competitive Dynamics The introduction of the Boeing 737-8, part of Boeing’s widely used MAX series, occurs amid notable shifts in the global aviation market. Deliveries of the 737 MAX series declined by 17% in July 2026 compared to the previous month, reflecting a potential slowdown in aircraft demand. The commercial aviation sector remains fiercely competitive, dominated by Boeing and Airbus, while China’s COMAC is actively seeking to challenge this duopoly with its C919 model. Additionally, Embraer has recently faced warnings from Airbus regarding plans to launch a new narrowbody jet, highlighting the intensity of competition within the industry. TAROM’s fleet renewal may provoke competitive responses from other carriers, particularly those operating Boeing or Airbus aircraft. As the airline advances its restructuring efforts and adapts to evolving market conditions, the arrival of the Boeing 737-8 stands as both a strategic investment and a test of TAROM’s resilience amid ongoing industry challenges.

Experts Convene at oneworld Loyalty Summit to Discuss Industry Trends Industry Leaders Gather to Explore the Future of Customer Loyalty FORT WORTH, Texas, Sept. 8, 2026 – The oneworld® Alliance, comprising 15 member airlines, convened the inaugural oneworld Loyalty Summit today, marking a significant milestone as the first event of its kind hosted by an airline alliance. The summit brought together prominent figures and innovators from the airline, travel, hospitality, financial services, and technology sectors to engage in dialogue on the rapidly evolving landscape of customer loyalty. Ole Orvér, CEO of oneworld, highlighted the growing strategic importance of loyalty programs within the travel industry. He noted that loyalty is increasingly driven by technological advancements, enhanced personalization, and new partnerships designed to meet shifting customer expectations. “Our member airlines are already leading globally, and this summit provides a forum for experts to share ideas, discuss trends, and drive conversations about the future of loyalty,” Orvér stated. Insights from Industry Experts and Innovative Start-ups The one-day summit featured contributions from a distinguished panel of industry leaders, including Nat Pieper, Chief Commercial Officer of American Airlines; Brian Kelly, Founder and CEO of The Points Guy; Sarah Moore, Senior Vice President and Head of Travel at Capital One; and executives from major airlines and hospitality groups such as The Indian Hotels Company Limited, International Airlines Group (IAG), Qantas, and Qatar Airways. Gilbert Ott, Director of Loyalty at oneworld, emphasized the alliance’s commitment to enhancing the loyalty experience through personalization and value creation. He explained that oneworld aims to integrate loyalty across customers’ daily interactions, spanning shopping, accommodation, and banking. Ott described the summit as an opportunity to explore cross-sector technological innovations, engage with start-ups, and envision a future where loyalty maximizes every customer interaction within the oneworld network and its partners. A distinctive feature of the summit was the live business investment pitches, where emerging start-ups presented innovative solutions directly to industry decision-makers. These “speed sessions” showcased technologies addressing critical challenges and opportunities in loyalty programs. Among the presenting companies were Reclaim Protocol, focusing on loyalty fraud prevention and digital verification; FrequentFan, which aims to broaden redemption options; WeatherPromise, offering trip assurance for ancillary services; SmartMedia Technologies, enhancing loyalty engagement; Rove, unlocking new loyalty revenue streams; and Bonafide, leveraging artificial intelligence to strengthen brand loyalty identity. Navigating a Transformative Era for Loyalty Programs The summit arrives at a pivotal moment for the travel and hospitality industries. According to Amadeus’ Travel Dreams 2026 Report, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence presents both opportunities and challenges for loyalty programs. Key discussion points included the integration of AI technologies and the adaptation to evolving traveler preferences, particularly the increasing impact of guest-generated content on social media platforms. As competition intensifies, airlines and their partners are seeking to differentiate their loyalty offerings through unique features and strategic collaborations. The oneworld Loyalty Summit provided a timely platform for industry leaders to address these trends and collaboratively shape future strategies. About oneworld oneworld unites 15 world-class airlines—including Alaska Airlines/Hawaiian Airlines, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Fiji Airways, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Oman Air, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Royal Air Maroc, Royal Jordanian, and SriLankan Airlines—serving nearly 1,000 destinations worldwide. The alliance is dedicated to delivering a superior and consistent travel experience across its extensive network.

Thompson Aero Seating Launches Campaign Highlighting People, Heritage, and Innovation Thompson Aero Seating (TAS) has introduced a new film campaign that artfully links the serene landscapes of Northern Ireland with the comfort experienced by passengers in premium aircraft seating. The film offers an intimate look at the meticulous craftsmanship involved in creating each business-class seat, emphasizing detailed stitching, upholstery, and precision engineering. Central to the narrative is the expertise and dedication of TAS’s workforce, underscoring the human element behind the company’s products. Navigating Industry Challenges Amid Growing Demand This campaign emerges at a critical juncture for the premium seating sector, as airlines worldwide grapple with prolonged approval processes for new cabin products. The development and certification of innovative premium offerings often extend over several years, a challenge recently faced by major carriers including American Airlines, Lufthansa, Riyadh Air, and Singapore Airlines. These delays have intensified scrutiny on suppliers like TAS, as airlines strive to satisfy increasing passenger expectations for privacy, advanced connectivity, and enhanced inflight entertainment. Industry analysts observe that TAS’s focus on heritage and innovation is both timely and demanding. With air travel rebounding, passengers are placing greater emphasis on comfort and technological sophistication, compelling seating manufacturers to balance aesthetic appeal with cutting-edge functionality. By highlighting the skills and commitment of its staff, TAS aims to reassure clients of its unwavering dedication to quality and innovation. Evolving Competitive Landscape and Strategic Positioning The competitive environment within aerospace is also shifting, with companies such as DroneShield directing attention toward advanced security technologies, including drone detection and counter-drone systems. This emerging focus has the potential to divert industry resources and attention away from traditional seating innovations, presenting an additional challenge for firms like TAS to maintain their relevance. By intertwining its Northern Irish heritage with a forward-looking design philosophy, Thompson Aero Seating endeavors to solidify its position as a leader in the premium seating market. This approach seeks to navigate the complex regulatory, technological, and competitive pressures that currently shape the aviation industry.

QantasLink’s First Embraer E190 Arrives in Perth, Marking Fleet Renewal Milestone QantasLink has welcomed its first Embraer E190 aircraft, registered VH-E9A, to Perth, signifying a pivotal step in the airline’s fleet renewal program for its Western Australian resources charter operations. The 100-seat jet completed an extensive 20-hour journey from Norwich, UK, with stopovers in Bulgaria, Tajikistan, India, Malaysia, and Broome before arriving on September 7. This E190 is the initial delivery in a planned series of up to 14 mid-life aircraft intended to gradually replace QantasLink’s aging Fokker 100 fleet. The introduction of the E190 is anticipated to enhance operational reliability, improve fuel efficiency, and elevate passenger comfort across the airline’s regional services. Nonetheless, the transition to this new aircraft type presents operational challenges, including potential service disruptions during the changeover and the necessity for comprehensive training of local personnel. Fleet Upgrades and Operational Preparations Prior to entering service, each E190 will undergo an extensive cabin refurbishment. Upgrades will include the installation of Wi-Fi, allowing passengers to stream content through the enhanced Qantas Entertainment App. The aircraft will also feature redesigned, more spacious seating with adjustable headrests, USB-A and USB-C charging ports, and holders for personal devices. Additionally, QantasLink will introduce Economy Plus seating on the E190, offering passengers extra legroom, priority boarding, and priority access to overhead baggage compartments. The first E190 is slated to commence commercial operations in January 2027. In preparation, approximately 70 pilots, crew members, and engineers are undertaking a combined 18,000 hours of training to ensure proficient operation and maintenance of the new fleet. As the number of E190s increases, the training program is expected to expand, potentially involving over 600 staff members. Market observers anticipate that the E190’s enhanced fuel efficiency and quieter performance will improve customer satisfaction on regional charter routes. Its extended range may also enable QantasLink to explore new operational opportunities within Western Australia and beyond. This fleet renewal is likely to prompt competitors in the regional aviation sector to reassess their own strategies to maintain competitiveness as QantasLink consolidates its market position. In parallel with the E190 introduction, QantasLink is investing in upgrades to its Western Australian fleet of nineteen Perth-based Airbus A320s. These aircraft are being fitted with Wi-Fi and refreshed cabins, with the first enhancements expected to be completed by the end of October. As QantasLink undertakes this significant transformation, the airline is focused on delivering a modern, comfortable, and efficient travel experience while managing the complexities associated with integrating a new aircraft type into its network.