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Report Details Fiery History of McDonnell Douglas MD-11’s CF6 Engine

Fiery History of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11’s CF6 Engine Under Investigation
The fatal crash of UPS Flight 2976 on Tuesday evening has intensified scrutiny of the CF6 turbofan engine, a critical component of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11F freighter that went down shortly after departing Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport (SDF). The aircraft, equipped with three General Electric CF6 engines, crashed under circumstances currently being examined by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
A Legacy of Engine Failures
NTSB findings reveal that at least four other aircraft have experienced uncontained CF6 engine failures at Chicago O’Hare International Airport (ORD) alone, according to NBC 5 Chicago News. Introduced in 1971, the CF6 remains the most widely used commercial jet engine worldwide, powering nearly 70% of the global freighter fleet in various configurations. General Electric has delivered over 8,500 CF6 engines across ten commercial and military aircraft platforms, encompassing 25 distinct variants.
Despite its longstanding reputation for reliability and a strong safety record, the CF6 engine has been implicated in several notable incidents. In 2000, a Varig Airlines Boeing 767 suffered a catastrophic engine fire during takeoff in Lima, Peru. NTSB records also document uncontained CF6 failures involving American Airlines 767s in 2006 and 2016, the latter traced to a production defect. More recently, in 2021, a Transcarga Airways Airbus A300 experienced a CF6 engine explosion during takeoff.
Maintenance and Mechanical Concerns
Industry experts have offered insights into potential causes of these failures. An engine technician, posting under the name “Lee” on the Aviation Herald, remarked, “It is highly unlikely that a modern turbine engine would separate from an aircraft like this on its own. Last time this happened was in 1993. Yes, there are mechanical fuses if the engine is on fire, but that takes a good five minutes to melt the metal. That others are discussing recent engine removal work on this hull is chilling.”
Attention has increasingly focused on the possibility of improper maintenance. Commercial airliners are fitted with fuse pins in the engine pylons, designed to shear and allow the engine to detach safely under extreme stress, thereby preventing further damage to the aircraft. If these pins were compromised during routine maintenance, they could have failed during the critical takeoff phase, potentially contributing to the accident.
Industry Response and Broader Implications
In the wake of the crash, UPS has grounded its entire MD-11 fleet as a precautionary measure, reflecting mounting concerns over the safety of aging aircraft and their engines. This decision has elicited mixed reactions within the market; some investors express apprehension about the long-term operational impact on UPS, while others regard the grounding as a necessary step to ensure safety. Similarly, competitor FedEx has temporarily suspended operations of its remaining MD-11 aircraft pending thorough inspections.
The incident has reignited debate over the future viability of older cargo aircraft within the industry. Regulators and operators are now reassessing the risks associated with legacy fleets and the engines that power them. As the investigation proceeds, attention remains focused on both technical and operational factors that may have contributed to this tragic event.

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