VAI Calls for Prompt FAA Review of Low-Altitude Vertical Flight Routes

Airbus Commercial Aircraft Deliveries Decline Again in May Airbus reported a further decline in commercial aircraft deliveries in May 2025, delivering 51 jets to customers. This figure is two fewer than in May 2024 and five less than in April 2025, highlighting persistent challenges for the European aerospace manufacturer. Over the first five months of 2025, Airbus has delivered a total of 243 aircraft, representing a 5% decrease compared to the same period last year. Varied Performance Across Aircraft Models The decline was most notable within the A320neo family, traditionally Airbus’s best-selling series. Only 11 A320neo jets were delivered in May, with nearly all going to Chinese airlines. Year-to-date deliveries for the A320neo stand at 63 units, reflecting a sharp 34% drop from the previous year, equating to 32 fewer aircraft delivered. Conversely, the A321neo demonstrated relative strength, with 120 units delivered so far in 2025—seven more than in the corresponding period of 2024. The A220 family emerged as the sole area of growth, with 29 deliveries year-to-date, marking a significant 38% increase. However, Airbus’s widebody aircraft continued to face difficulties. Deliveries of the A330 fell by 10%, while A350 deliveries declined by 6% compared to the same timeframe last year. Supply Chain Challenges and Market Pressures Ongoing supply chain disruptions have constrained Airbus’s production capacity, contributing to the shortfall in deliveries. These operational difficulties have delayed aircraft handovers and exerted downward pressure on the company’s financial performance, resulting in a decline in market valuation and a drop in Airbus’s stock price. The competitive environment is also intensifying, with emerging manufacturers such as China’s COMAC seeking to expand their footprint in the global commercial aviation market, adding further pressure on Airbus. Outlook and Order Developments Despite the disappointing delivery figures, Airbus reaffirmed its 2025 guidance, targeting 880 commercial aircraft deliveries for the year. CEO Guillaume Faury acknowledged the challenges faced during the first half of 2025 but expressed confidence in improved performance in the second half as supply chain issues are resolved. In May, Airbus did not announce any new aircraft orders but revealed 17 previously undisclosed deals. Among these were two A220-100s for Air Niugini of Papua New Guinea, an increase in Bocom Leasing’s A320neo order from 41 to 42 aircraft, and Chengdu Airlines raising its total order to 12 aircraft. British Airways placed six new orders for the A350-1000, supplementing its existing fleet of 18 widebodies, while Iberia, part of the IAG Group, increased its A350-900 orders from 23 to 29. Additionally, KLM added another A320neo as part of the broader Air France-KLM order. As Airbus contends with ongoing production challenges and a shifting competitive landscape, its ability to alleviate supply chain bottlenecks and accelerate deliveries will be crucial to achieving its annual targets and regaining investor confidence.

Delivery Data Indicates Progress for Boeing’s MAX Rising Production and Delivery Rates Signal Recovery Boeing’s MAX program, which has faced significant challenges in recent years, is showing signs of renewed momentum. Following a leadership transition and the resolution of a labor strike, the company has implemented changes that appear to be bearing fruit. Recent reports confirm an increase in production rates, marking a positive development for the manufacturer as it seeks to overcome past difficulties. While higher production levels are encouraging, the true indicator of progress lies in the delivery figures, which have a direct impact on Boeing’s cash flow. Data segmented by MAX model reveals a consistent rise in deliveries, demonstrating that Boeing is not only manufacturing more aircraft but also successfully transferring them to customers. This trend is critical for the company’s financial health and market standing. Market Implications and Competitive Dynamics The improvement in Boeing’s delivery performance is attracting close scrutiny from competitors and market analysts alike. Rival manufacturers may respond by adjusting prices or accelerating the introduction of new products to protect their market share. The broader market’s reaction will largely depend on the evolving perceptions of the MAX’s safety and reliability. Should confidence in the aircraft continue to strengthen, Boeing stands to regain lost ground, compelling competitors to reconsider their strategic approaches. Ultimately, the delivery data provides a clear narrative: Boeing’s corrective measures are beginning to take effect. Nevertheless, the competitive environment remains fluid, with both Boeing and its rivals ready to adapt to ongoing shifts in market conditions.

Airbus Confirms 12 A350 Orders for IAG Amid May’s Order Drought Airbus reported no new aircraft orders in May, according to its latest update on orders and deliveries. Despite the absence of fresh deals, the European aerospace giant confirmed that International Airlines Group (IAG) is the customer behind a previously undisclosed order for 12 A350 aircraft. This announcement comes as Airbus continues to face supply chain disruptions and production delays affecting the A350 program. Clarification of IAG’s A350 Order and Order Book Stability On June 5, Airbus stated that its net orders for 2025 remain steady at 215 aircraft, with no new orders or cancellations recorded during May. The company clarified that an order placed on March 6 for six A350-900s and six A350-1000s—previously attributed to an undisclosed customer—was in fact made by IAG for its subsidiaries British Airways and Iberia. IAG had already disclosed this order in its first-quarter financial results on May 9, alongside plans to acquire 34 A330-900s (21 firm orders and 13 options) and 42 Boeing 787-10s (32 firm orders and 10 options). However, the A330-900 order has yet to be reflected in Airbus’s official backlog. On the same day, Airbus also recorded an order from another undisclosed customer for 13 A320neo and 17 A321neo aircraft, though the identity of this airline remains confidential. Despite confirming the IAG A350 order, Airbus continues to contend with supply chain challenges and production delays, particularly within the A350 program. These ongoing issues may create opportunities for competitors to capitalize on Airbus’s constrained production capacity. Delivery Performance Highlighted by Wizz Air’s First A321XLR In May, Airbus delivered a total of 51 aircraft worldwide, maintaining delivery momentum despite the stagnation in new orders. The deliveries included a diverse mix of models: one A220-100 to Comlux for private aviation, four A220-300s, one A319neo marking Air China’s first of the type, eleven A320neos, twenty-eight A321neos, three A330-900s, and three A350-900s. A significant milestone was achieved with Wizz Air’s receipt of its first A321XLR, registered as G-XLRA. Delivered to Wizz Air UK and arriving at London Luton Airport on May 20, the aircraft quickly entered commercial service, operating routes from London Gatwick to Athens and Jeddah. Several U.S. carriers, including Breeze Airways, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, JetBlue, and Spirit Airlines, also took delivery of new Airbus aircraft in May. However, some U.S. airlines, notably Delta and Spirit, have expressed concerns about the future of their Airbus backlogs amid ongoing EU-US trade tensions rooted in policies from the previous U.S. administration. Despite these uncertainties, Delta received four new aircraft in May, including one A321neo, underscoring continued demand. Outlook While Airbus’s order book remained unchanged in May, the confirmation of IAG’s A350 order highlights sustained demand for widebody aircraft. Nevertheless, persistent supply chain disruptions and production delays—especially affecting the A350—pose ongoing challenges for the manufacturer, potentially allowing competitors to gain market share.

Texarkana College and FAA Safety Team Recognize Aviation Excellence at Regional Airport The Little Rock FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam), in partnership with Texarkana College’s Aviation Technology program, will hold a ceremony on June 20, 2025, at 10:00 AM to honor distinguished contributions to the field of aviation. The event will take place at the Texarkana College Department of Aviation Hangar, located at 60 Globe Avenue, Texarkana, Arkansas. During the ceremony, the prestigious Wright Brothers Master Pilot and Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Awards will be presented to pilots and mechanics whose careers have significantly influenced the region’s aviation heritage. Honoring Distinguished Aviation Professionals The ceremony will be led by Jamie Black, FAASTeam Program Manager at the Little Rock Flight Standards District Office. Recipients of the Wright Brothers Master Pilot Award include Jim Collom, Randy Williams, Tevis Pappas, Gary Walker, and Jerry Browning. This award recognizes pilots who have accumulated 50 or more years of experience in piloting and aircraft operations, celebrating the pioneering spirit of Orville and Wilbur Wright. The Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award will be bestowed upon Jim Collom, Randy Williams, and Perry Hodgson. Named after the Wright brothers’ mechanic who engineered the engine for their first successful aircraft, this award honors mechanics with at least 50 years of civil or military maintenance experience. Strengthening Aviation Education and Workforce Development Texarkana Regional Airport, established in 1928 and regarded as the premier maintenance relief airport in the Ark-La-Tex region, continues to uphold a tradition of excellence by supporting both veteran professionals and emerging aviation talent. Thirty-four students from Texarkana College’s recently launched Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) program will attend the ceremony, drawing inspiration from the award recipients and reinforcing the airport’s reputation for cultivating skilled aviation mechanics. Brandon Sanders, Director of Aviation Technology at Texarkana College, emphasized the significance of the event for students, stating, “This event is a unique opportunity for our students to connect with the legacy of excellence fostered at Texarkana Regional Airport. It aligns with our mission to provide high-quality education that prepares students for impactful careers in aviation maintenance.” The introduction of the A&P program at Texarkana College reflects a broader commitment to advancing aviation education and workforce development in the region. While the program’s growth may intensify competition among aviation training providers, it also promises to expand the local pool of skilled workers, benefiting area businesses. Competing institutions may respond by enhancing their own offerings to attract students and forge industry partnerships. Despite these evolving dynamics, the collaboration between Texarkana College and Texarkana Regional Airport continues to reinforce the region’s status as a hub for aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services. The upcoming ceremony not only celebrates individual achievements but also highlights the collective efforts propelling the region’s aviation sector forward. Members of the aviation community and media are invited to attend the ceremony to honor these exemplary professionals and support the ongoing pursuit of aviation excellence in Texarkana.

Riyadh Air to Select Airbus A350-1000 as Flagship Aircraft Riyadh Air is preparing to finalize a significant fleet decision, with industry insiders reporting that the Saudi Arabian startup will designate the Airbus A350-1000 as its flagship aircraft. The anticipated order, expected to be formally announced at the Paris Air Show in June 2025, could involve the acquisition of approximately 50 A350s. This move represents a major milestone in the airline’s ambitious expansion strategy as it prepares to launch operations later that year. The airline has already placed substantial orders for up to 72 Boeing 787-9s and as many as 60 Airbus A321neos. However, Riyadh Air has been assessing an additional wide-body aircraft to serve as the cornerstone of its long-haul network, with its options narrowed to the Airbus A350 and the Boeing 777X. Strategic Selection: Airbus A350-1000 Versus Boeing 777X Riyadh Air’s preference for the A350-1000 over the Boeing 777X reflects a combination of operational considerations and market conditions. The A350-1000, the largest variant in the A350 family, offers an advantageous blend of long-range capability, high passenger capacity, and efficient operating costs—critical attributes for a carrier targeting rapid international growth. Conversely, the Boeing 777X has encountered significant certification delays, now approximately six years behind schedule. For a nascent airline like Riyadh Air, the uncertainty surrounding the 777X’s entry into service poses a considerable risk. This high-profile decision is attracting considerable attention within the aviation industry. Market analysts suggest that Riyadh Air’s move may trigger competitive responses from rival carriers, including potential fare adjustments and revised marketing strategies, as airlines compete for market share in the increasingly contested Middle Eastern aviation sector. The choice is also expected to influence future aircraft procurement trends and intensify the ongoing rivalry between Airbus and Boeing in the region. Fleet Composition and Passenger Experience While Riyadh Air will initially operate Boeing 787-9s, the A350-1000 is set to become the airline’s premier aircraft, deployed on its most critical long-haul routes. The airline recently revealed the cabin design for its Boeing 787 fleet, which notably excludes a first-class section. In contrast, the A350 will feature a first-class cabin, highlighting its role as the flagship product within Riyadh Air’s fleet. The airline has made significant commitments to elevating passenger experience, aiming to establish new benchmarks in service and comfort. Supported by robust financial resources and a carefully devised strategy, Riyadh Air is positioning itself as a formidable new entrant in the global aviation market. Industry observers are closely monitoring how the airline’s strategic choices will influence both its own development and the broader competitive landscape. Outlook Riyadh Air’s expected order of around 50 Airbus A350s, predominantly the A350-1000 variant, will complement its existing mix of Boeing and Airbus narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. The forthcoming announcement at the Paris Air Show will not only clarify Riyadh Air’s fleet development plans but also signal evolving dynamics within the Middle Eastern aviation market, as competitors and manufacturers respond to this significant strategic initiative.

Airbus Records No Commercial Aircraft Orders in May 2025 Amid Industry Uncertainty Airbus announced that it received no new commercial aircraft orders in May 2025, an unusual development for the European aerospace leader. The company did not provide specific reasons for the absence of orders, but industry analysts speculate that Airbus may be deliberately withholding announcements ahead of the International Paris Air Show scheduled later this month, a key event where significant deals are traditionally disclosed. This lack of new orders occurs against a backdrop of considerable uncertainty within the global aviation sector. Economic challenges and ongoing geopolitical tensions continue to influence airlines’ fleet planning and investment strategies. These factors have heightened investor concerns about a potential prolonged stagnation in aircraft demand. Some market observers warn that Airbus’s faltering order momentum could create an opening for competitors such as Boeing to strengthen their market position. Decline in Deliveries Amid Persistent Supply Chain Challenges Alongside the order update, Airbus reported delivering 51 aircraft to 32 customers in May 2025. This represents a slight decline compared to May 2024, when 53 aircraft were delivered to 43 customers, and a more significant drop from May 2023’s 63 deliveries to 36 customers. The year-on-year decrease from May 2024 to May 2025 amounts to a 4% reduction in deliveries. Despite subdued order activity, Airbus marked several important milestones last month, including the delivery of Wizz Air’s first A321XLR and Kuwait Airways’ inaugural A321neo. Nevertheless, total deliveries for the year to date stand at 243 aircraft, leaving Airbus considerably behind its annual target of approximately 820 commercial jets. Ongoing Industry Headwinds and Outlook Both Airbus and its primary competitor, Boeing, continue to face substantial challenges in meeting production and delivery goals. Persistent supply chain disruptions, particularly shortages of aircraft engines, remain a critical bottleneck constraining output. These difficulties reflect broader pressures across the aerospace industry as manufacturers strive to recover from the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and adjust to evolving market conditions. As the industry turns its attention to the upcoming Paris Air Show, the focus will be on whether Airbus can overcome its recent order drought and provide reassurance to investors regarding its long-term growth prospects amid a complex and shifting global environment.

The Capabilities of the Boeing 777 The Boeing 777 stands as a remarkable achievement in modern aviation, exemplifying power, innovation, and efficiency. While regional jets demonstrate the advances of contemporary engineering, few aircraft match the scale and capability of the 777. Jet engines have transformed air travel, enabling the transport of hundreds of passengers across continents within hours. Although four-engine aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 have traditionally dominated long-haul intercontinental routes, the Boeing 777 distinguishes itself through its exceptional twin-engine performance. Power and Efficiency Redefined The Boeing 777 is powered by two General Electric GE90 turbofan engines, the most powerful ever installed on a commercial airliner. This engineering milestone has established the 777 as the most capable twin-engine jet in operation, setting new standards in fuel efficiency, range, and passenger capacity. Boeing’s ongoing commitment to this platform is evident in the development of the next-generation 777X, which builds upon the success of earlier models and is anticipated to influence the future of high-capacity aviation. Design, Development, and Evolution Initiated in 1990 through collaboration with eight major airlines, the Boeing 777 was conceived to fill the gap between the smaller 767 and the larger 747, while replacing aging trijet models such as the Douglas DC-10. The aircraft’s maiden flight occurred in June 1994, and it entered commercial service with United Airlines in 1995. Since then, the 777 has become Boeing’s flagship long-range widebody aircraft, particularly following the phase-out of the 747. The 777 incorporates several key design features that contribute to its performance and reliability. These include the largest engines ever fitted to a commercial jet, raked wingtips that enhance aerodynamic efficiency, six-wheel main landing gear for improved stability, a circular fuselage combined with a composite tail structure, and advanced fly-by-wire control systems. Early variants like the 777-200 and 777-300 were succeeded by longer-range and stretched versions, all benefiting from continuous advancements in engine technology. Notably, the GE90 engines on models such as the 777-300ER and 777-200LR generate over 110,000 pounds of thrust, enabling unparalleled operational capabilities. The Future: Boeing 777X and Market Influence The forthcoming Boeing 777X represents the third generation of the 777 family, featuring innovative composite folding wings and the new GE9X engines. Designed to accommodate between 301 and 368 passengers in a typical three-class configuration, the 777X offers a maximum range of up to 8,555 nautical miles. It is scheduled to enter service in 2026. By April 2025, Boeing had secured more than 2,300 orders and delivered over 1,700 units, making the 777 the best-selling widebody jet in history. Boeing’s advancements with the 777 have prompted responses from competitors, who are pursuing their own technological innovations, strategic market initiatives, and acquisitions to remain competitive. These developments are reshaping market dynamics, influencing demand patterns and pricing structures. Boeing continues to face challenges from emerging entrants and must adapt its strategies to sustain its leadership position in an increasingly dynamic aviation industry. The Boeing 777’s combination of power, efficiency, and adaptability ensures its enduring significance amid evolving market conditions and intensifying competition.

TP Aerospace Signs Long-Term Wheels and Brakes Agreement with Supernova Airlines TP Aerospace has secured a long-term cycle flat rate (CFR) agreement with Ukrainian cargo carrier Supernova Airlines to provide wheels and brakes support for the airline’s upcoming Boeing 737NG freighter operations. This partnership marks a significant milestone in Supernova’s expansion strategy and reinforces TP Aerospace’s presence in Eastern Europe’s aviation market. Strategic Facility and Operational Support The agreement is primarily serviced from TP Aerospace’s newly EASA-approved flagship facility in Brno, Czech Republic. Spanning 10,000 square meters, this site received final certification in December 2023 and functions as a central hub for the company’s European operations. The Brno facility will play a pivotal role in meeting the maintenance and support needs of Supernova’s growing fleet. Supernova Airlines, a subsidiary of the Nova Group, was founded in 2021 and began official operations after obtaining its Ukrainian operator’s certificate in early 2023. The airline currently operates within the European Union, with hubs in Riga and Warsaw, and is actively positioning itself for further growth in the competitive European cargo market. Igor Lazniuk, Technical Director at Supernova, highlighted the importance of the collaboration, stating that TP Aerospace’s expertise will be crucial in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of their operations as the airline expands. Industry Context and Market Outlook The CFR programme is designed to provide Supernova with predictable maintenance costs and enhanced operational efficiency. This agreement comes amid ongoing challenges in the aviation supply chain and intensified market competition. Competitors are likely to respond by strengthening their supply chain resilience and investing in advanced technologies to maintain their market positions. Despite these headwinds, the broader aviation market is showing signs of recovery, with increasing demand for aircraft support services driving industry growth. The partnership between TP Aerospace and Supernova positions both companies to leverage these positive trends and pursue sustained success within the evolving European cargo sector.

The Most Powerful Commercial Aircraft Engines in Use Today Modern commercial aviation depends heavily on the development of powerful and efficient engines to enable aircraft to traverse vast distances across continents and oceans. Leading aerospace manufacturers such as Rolls-Royce, Pratt & Whitney, and GE Aerospace remain at the forefront of this technological race, continuously pushing engineering boundaries. The introduction of new engines often triggers a dynamic market response, with competitors either innovating, imitating, or adopting cautious strategies to maintain or enhance their market positions. This article highlights seven of the most powerful commercial aircraft engines currently in operation, detailing their manufacturers and the aircraft they power. Engine Alliance GP7000: 74,000 lbs Thrust The Engine Alliance GP7000, a collaborative effort between General Electric and Pratt & Whitney, was specifically developed for the Airbus A380, the world’s largest passenger airliner. Delivering a maximum thrust of 74,000 pounds, the GP7000 ranks as the seventh most powerful commercial aircraft engine in service. It first took flight on the A380 in August 2006 and entered commercial service a year later with Singapore Airlines. Presently, approximately 60% of A380s are equipped with GP7000 engines. Emirates, the largest operator of the A380 globally, maintains a fleet of 116 aircraft based at Dubai International Airport. Depending on configuration, these aircraft can accommodate between 468 and 615 passengers. The introduction of the A380, despite facing financial challenges, compelled competitors to reevaluate their widebody aircraft strategies, underscoring the significant influence that powerful engines exert on broader market dynamics. Rolls-Royce Trent 1000: 81,000 lbs Thrust The Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engine, capable of producing up to 81,000 pounds of thrust, serves as one of two engine options for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. It entered commercial service in October 2011 with All Nippon Airways (ANA). Designed as a high-bypass turbofan, the Trent 1000 emphasizes fuel efficiency and reliability. However, the engine has encountered technical difficulties, notably corrosion-related fatigue cracking identified in 2016. ANA remains the largest operator of the Boeing 787, with a total of 86 aircraft in its fleet, followed by United Airlines and American Airlines. The widespread adoption of the 787, powered by engines such as the Trent 1000, has driven rival manufacturers to accelerate innovation and refine their engine technologies to sustain competitiveness. | Airline | Boeing 787-8 | Boeing 787-9 | Boeing 787-10 | Total | |--------------------|--------------|--------------|---------------|-------| | All Nippon Airways | 34 | 44 | 8 | 86 | | United Airlines | 12 | 44 | 21 | 77 | | American Airlines | 37 | 24 | - | 61 | The Ongoing Race for Engine Supremacy As engine technology continues to evolve, both manufacturers and airlines face a complex landscape where innovation can rapidly alter competitive advantages. Whether through imitation, swift adaptation, or strategic repositioning, the pursuit of the most powerful and efficient commercial aircraft engines remains a defining factor in shaping the future trajectory of global aviation.

SriLankan Airlines Receives First New Widebody Aircraft in Seven Years SriLankan Airlines has taken delivery of its first new widebody aircraft in seven years, marking a pivotal moment for the financially challenged national carrier. The Airbus A330-200, registered as 4R-ALT (msn 1261), arrived in Colombo on June 3 under an eight-year lease agreement with Carlyle Aviation Partners. This 260-seat, two-cabin aircraft, previously operated by Fly Gangwon and Garuda Indonesia, is expected to bolster the airline’s capacity amid a depleted fleet and ongoing financial difficulties. Fleet Challenges and Strategic Acquisitions Chairman Sarath Ganegoda emphasized the significance of this acquisition, noting that previous cancellations of widebody orders and persistent engine shortages had severely constrained the airline’s ability to maintain its route network. “It’s not easy for us to compete with other airlines with our [existing] hardware,” Ganegoda told Channel News Asia, adding that the airline cannot afford to invest in brand-new, state-of-the-art aircraft. He confirmed that negotiations are underway to secure at least two additional aircraft by the end of the year, though he did not disclose the specific models involved. SriLankan Airlines’ financial instability has complicated efforts to expand its fleet in a competitive leasing market. Former CEO Richard Nuttall highlighted that limited cash flow and poor financial standing have restricted the airline’s capacity to capitalize on profitable routes that remain unserved. Ganegoda echoed these concerns, acknowledging that even the recent delivery is insufficient to meet the airline’s operational needs. “As per our plan, we’ll add at least two more aircraft by the end of this year, if everything goes well,” he stated. Historical Setbacks and Future Prospects In April 2024, the previous government approved a proposal to lease four A330 aircraft—two from ORIX Aviation and two from Aergo Capital—but the plan was abruptly cancelled without explanation. Earlier attempts to renew the fleet were also hampered by procurement irregularities. A 2013 campaign involving orders for four A350-900s and six A330-300s was derailed; the A350s were never delivered, while the A330s eventually entered the fleet through leasing arrangements. Ganegoda is currently pursuing compensation from Airbus over the cancelled A350 order. At present, SriLankan Airlines operates a fleet of 23 leased aircraft, comprising seven A320-200s, two A320-200Ns, four A321-200Ns, three A330-200s, and seven A330-300s. The airline has struggled to replace aircraft as leases expire, resulting in a shrinking fleet and limited growth potential. Ganegoda described the situation as a “dearth of aircraft,” underscoring the challenges in expanding the fleet according to strategic plans. Despite these obstacles, SriLankan Airlines aims to double its fleet within the next five years as part of a medium- to long-term growth strategy. The introduction of new widebody aircraft is expected to enhance the airline’s market share and competitive standing, although rivals may respond by upgrading their own services. Positive market reactions could follow if the airline demonstrates tangible progress toward financial recovery. Government Oversight and Strategic Focus The airline’s future has attracted increased attention from the Sri Lankan government. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake recently transferred oversight of SriLankan Airlines from the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Aviation Services to the Ministry of Finance. This move signals a renewed governmental focus on the carrier’s turnaround and long-term viability, reflecting the critical role the airline plays in the country’s transportation infrastructure and economic development.