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China Commits to 120-Aircraft Airbus Order During Merz’s First Beijing Visit

China Commits to 120-Aircraft Airbus Order During Merz’s First Beijing Visit
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz secured a significant commitment from Beijing on Wednesday for the purchase of up to 120 Airbus aircraft, marking the centerpiece of his inaugural visit to China. This agreement underscores Germany’s efforts to strengthen economic ties with its largest trading partner amid increasing global uncertainty, particularly in response to Washington’s escalating tariff measures.
Strengthening Bilateral Relations Amid Geopolitical Shifts
The announcement followed high-level meetings in Beijing with President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Qiang, during which both sides also signed agreements addressing climate change and food security. The leaders expressed their intention to resume regular government-to-government consultations, which had been disrupted by the pandemic and political transitions in Berlin. Speaking after a dinner with Xi, Merz emphasized that “the Chinese leadership will be ordering a larger number of additional aircraft from Airbus,” highlighting the deal as evidence of the value of such diplomatic engagements.
This visit occurs against a backdrop of shifting geopolitical dynamics. The imposition of sweeping tariffs and unpredictable foreign policy under U.S. President Donald Trump has prompted several Western leaders—including Britain’s Keir Starmer, France’s Emmanuel Macron, and Canada’s Mark Carney—to pursue closer ties with Beijing. Trump himself is expected to visit China at the end of March, further illustrating the evolving international landscape.
Economic Stakes and Trade Dynamics
For export-driven Germany, the stakes are particularly high. China reclaimed its position as Berlin’s top trading partner in 2025, with bilateral trade reaching €251.8 billion, according to Germany’s Federal Statistical Office. The United States, which briefly surpassed China in 2024, fell back to second place as German trade with China grew by 2.1 percent while commerce with the U.S. declined by 5 percent. This divergence was driven by rising Chinese imports and weakening American demand for German goods.
Merz, accompanied by a substantial business delegation including executives from Volkswagen, BMW, and Mercedes, framed the visit as essential for an economy that “needs economic relations all over the world.” Prior to his departure, he called for a “balanced, reliable, regulated and fair partnership with China.” President Xi reciprocated by expressing readiness to elevate bilateral ties and voicing support for European strategic autonomy, urging both sides to be “reliable partners that support each other.”
Challenges Amid Growing Trade Imbalance
Despite these positive developments, the deepening relationship is overshadowed by a record trade imbalance. Germany’s trade deficit with China reached €90 billion in 2025, quadrupling since 2020. This widening gap has raised significant concerns among German manufacturers, who warn of intensifying competition from China and the erosion of Germany’s industrial base. Industry leaders are pressing Chancellor Merz to adopt a firmer stance, citing the so-called “China shock” and advocating for strategic measures to reduce dependency on Chinese imports and safeguard domestic employment.
Navigating these challenges, Merz seeks to strike a delicate balance: maintaining robust economic ties with China while pursuing policies aimed at de-risking and enhancing Europe’s competitiveness to rival both China and the United States. The Airbus deal thus stands as both a symbol of opportunity and a reminder of the complexities inherent in the Sino-German economic relationship.

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