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Landing Pad Design to Curb Noise for Future Air Taxis

Perforated Landing Pads Offer Solution to Noise Challenges in Urban Air Mobility
As electric air taxis and delivery drones approach widespread urban deployment, noise pollution remains a critical obstacle to their acceptance. New research from the University of Bristol, published in Applied Acoustics, proposes that perforated landing pads could play a vital role in mitigating the disruptive noise generated during take-off and landing phases of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles. By incorporating grid-like or perforated surfaces into vertiports—the designated landing sites for these aircraft—the study suggests a significant reduction in noise levels can be achieved.
Addressing Ground Effect Noise Through Innovative Design
The Bristol research team focused on the phenomenon known as "ground effect" noise, which arises when rotor airflow interacts with solid surfaces, creating high-pressure zones and acoustic reflections that amplify sound. Their experiments demonstrated that perforated landing surfaces allow a portion of the airflow to pass through the openings, thereby disrupting the mechanisms that intensify noise. This design reduces blade noise by up to 15 decibels and lowers overall sound pressure by as much as 7 decibels, offering a promising approach to quieter urban skies.
Dr. Esmaeel Masoudi, Lecturer in Aeroacoustics and lead author of the study, explained that the perforated surfaces effectively dissipate airflow within the openings, preventing the strong impingement on solid ground that typically amplifies noise. “Instead of the airflow strongly impinging on a solid surface, part of the flow is passed and dissipated within the perforations,” he noted.
Implications for the eVTOL Industry and Urban Infrastructure
The findings arrive at a crucial juncture for the eVTOL sector, which continues to navigate technical, regulatory, and public acceptance challenges. Despite recent milestones such as the Federal Aviation Administration’s approval of Honda’s all-electric air taxi and the anticipated certification of Beta Technologies’ Alia 250, issues related to battery endurance, safety standards, and legal disputes among key players like Joby, Archer, and Vertical persist. Regulatory programs, including the eVTOL Integration Pilot Program initiated during the Trump administration, have provided some validation but have not fully resolved these hurdles.
Industry experts emphasize that noise remains a significant concern for communities near potential vertiport locations. Innovations in infrastructure design, such as the adoption of perforated landing pads, could alleviate these concerns and facilitate smoother integration of air taxis and drones into urban environments. The Bristol team advocates for a holistic approach that considers both aircraft and infrastructure design to effectively address noise pollution.
Dr. Masoudi highlighted the broader impact of their research, stating, “Reducing noise is essential if drones and air taxis are to become a practical part of future urban transportation systems. This work demonstrates that perforated landing surfaces have the potential to significantly reduce—and in some cases, nearly eliminate—the noise penalties associated with ground effect, helping pave the way for quieter and more sustainable urban skies.”
The study, titled “Mitigation of propeller noise in ground effect using perforated sheets,” was conducted by Dr. Masoudi alongside Professor Mahdi Azarpeyvand, Dr. Sung Tyaek Go, and Dr. Abhishek Gautam, contributing valuable insights to the evolving field of urban air mobility infrastructure.

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