New 'Your Wings' Cluster Advances Bulgaria’s Goals in Space, AI, and Aviation

Royal Air Maroc Takes Delivery of First Boeing 737 MAX 8 in Fleet Modernization Drive Aviation Capital Group LLC (ACG) has delivered the first Boeing 737-8 MAX aircraft to Compagnie Nationale Royal Air Maroc, marking a pivotal moment in the Moroccan carrier’s ongoing fleet renewal programme. This initial aircraft, powered by advanced CFM LEAP-1B engines, is the first of six 737-8 MAX jets that Royal Air Maroc will incorporate under a leasing agreement with ACG. The remaining five aircraft are scheduled for delivery through 2026, sourced from ACG’s existing order book. Abdelhamid Addou, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Royal Air Maroc, emphasized the strategic importance of this acquisition. He noted that the integration of these new aircraft represents a significant advancement in the airline’s efforts to modernize and expand its fleet, particularly enhancing its short- and medium-haul network capabilities. Addou highlighted that the 737 MAX 8 jets will support Royal Air Maroc’s ambition to become a leading global connector, improving resilient and high-performance connectivity between Africa, Europe, and the broader international market. Industry Context and Production Challenges Royal Air Maroc’s fleet expansion aligns with a wider regional trend, as several airlines invest in next-generation aircraft to improve operational efficiency and network connectivity. Competitors such as Air Algérie are also incorporating Boeing 737 MAX models, underscoring the industry’s shift towards modernizing fleets with this aircraft type. Nevertheless, Boeing’s production of the 737 MAX 8 has encountered challenges that may affect delivery timelines. Recent reports have identified wiring flaws and other quality control issues, resulting in delays to first-quarter deliveries. These setbacks raise concerns about Boeing’s capacity to meet scheduled commitments, potentially impacting Royal Air Maroc’s operational planning and market confidence in the aircraft’s reliability and punctuality. Despite these obstacles, Royal Air Maroc remains steadfast in its commitment to fleet renewal. The introduction of the 737 MAX 8 is expected to play a crucial role in reinforcing the airline’s position as a key connector between Africa, Europe, and the global aviation network.

DHL Supply Chain Expands Airport Role With Air France-KLM DHL Supply Chain is enhancing its footprint in European airport logistics through a new partnership with Air France-KLM. This collaboration supports the airline’s introduction of two daily Airbus A220 flights between London Gatwick and Paris Charles de Gaulle, highlighting DHL’s commitment to improving ground operations—a vital component in maintaining punctual airline schedules and ensuring efficient aircraft turnarounds. Strengthening Ground Operations and Service Excellence David Johnson, Vice President of Operations for Aviation & Travel at DHL Supply Chain UK, emphasized the importance of the partnership, stating, “Ground operations are critical to keeping airline schedules running smoothly, and our role is to bring the service and technical expertise needed to keep every turnaround running to plan.” DHL’s involvement aims to provide the necessary operational support to ensure seamless ground handling for Air France-KLM’s new route. DHL Supply Chain operates significant logistics centres in Toulouse, France, and Valencia, Spain, and manages approximately 1,300 warehouses worldwide. The company prioritizes reducing lead times, maintaining high service standards, and ensuring strict regulatory compliance across its diverse logistics portfolio. Through investments in technology, staff training, and process optimisation, DHL seeks to enhance efficiency and minimise delays for its airline and airport partners. Expanding Presence Amid Industry Challenges This latest agreement with Air France-KLM reflects DHL’s broader ambition to expand its role in airport operations throughout Europe. The company has built a reputation for delivering integrated logistics solutions tailored to the complex requirements of the aviation sector. As the air travel industry continues its recovery and transformation, DHL’s expertise positions it as a trusted partner for airlines aiming to streamline ground handling and logistics. Nonetheless, DHL’s expansion into airport logistics faces several challenges. Regulatory hurdles, intense competition from other logistics providers, and the need for substantial infrastructure investment to support growing operations present ongoing obstacles. Market dynamics may evolve as competitors enhance their airport logistics capabilities or forge new strategic partnerships to maintain their market share. In addition to airport logistics, DHL is focusing on expanding its network to meet the increasing demands of data centre infrastructure. This strategic direction may influence the company’s approach to airport logistics, as both sectors require robust, scalable, and highly reliable supply chain solutions. The partnership with Air France-KLM is designed to serve both business and leisure travellers while strengthening connectivity between the UK and Europe. As DHL Supply Chain continues to invest in its capabilities and adapt to shifting market demands, its role in supporting efficient, compliant, and high-quality airport operations is expected to grow significantly.

Dangote Refinery Begins Exporting Aviation Fuel to Europe The global aviation fuel market is experiencing a profound transformation as disruptions in supply chains compel buyers to reconsider traditional procurement strategies. Heightened geopolitical tensions, particularly in the Middle East, have unsettled key shipping corridors, prompting European purchasers to diversify their sources. This shift has elevated West African refineries, with Nigeria’s Dangote Refinery at the forefront, into pivotal roles within the evolving framework of global energy security. West African Refineries as Emerging Strategic Suppliers Nigeria’s Dangote Refinery, the largest on the African continent, has rapidly expanded its operational capacity to 650,000 barrels per day, with ambitions to nearly double this output to 1.4 million barrels daily by 2028. This expansion signifies more than industrial growth; it marks Africa’s emergence as a strategic supplier in global energy markets amid widespread disruption. To date, the refinery has dispatched twelve cargoes amounting to 456,000 tonnes of refined products—including aviation fuel, gasoline, and diesel—to various African nations such as Ghana, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Tanzania, and Togo, as well as to the United Kingdom, underscoring its expanding international footprint. Responding to Global Supply Disruptions Historically, approximately 40% of Europe’s jet fuel supply has transited the Strait of Hormuz, a route now compromised by ongoing geopolitical tensions. This vulnerability has compelled European energy planners to adopt multi-continental sourcing strategies, broadening procurement to include suppliers from India, the United States, the Netherlands, and now Nigeria. The recent arrival of Dangote’s aviation fuel at the UK’s Milford Haven port represents a significant milestone, demonstrating that African refining infrastructure can reliably serve European markets through established maritime channels. This development comes amid soaring benchmark jet fuel prices, which have reached $1,744 per tonne—nearly double pre-disruption levels. The elimination of roughly 21% of global seaborne jet fuel supply due to shipping constraints has intensified the urgency for alternative sources. European buyers are thus moving swiftly to secure diversified supplies, with Dangote’s entry into the market providing a timely and strategic option. Regional and Global Implications The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted not only European supply chains but also global crude oil flows, affecting refineries such as India’s MRPL, which recently declared force majeure on fuel exports. This disruption has reverberated across Africa, a continent that remains a net importer of refined petroleum products. In response, countries including South Africa, Kenya, and Ghana are increasingly relying on Nigeria’s Dangote Refinery to meet their fuel demands amid rising prices and escalating costs of goods and services. Despite these challenges, market analysts suggest that Europe is expected to maintain adequate jet fuel supplies in the near term, largely due to the rapid diversification of sourcing and the integration of new suppliers like Dangote. The Unique Vulnerability of Aviation Fuel Markets Aviation fuel markets are particularly sensitive to supply shocks because of their concentrated production sources and specialized refining requirements. Unlike crude oil, which is widely available, jet fuel production necessitates specific technical capabilities that have historically been confined to select regions. The current crisis highlights the critical need to expand refining capacity and diversify supply chains to bolster global energy security. Dangote Refinery’s successful entry into the European aviation fuel market signals a significant and potentially enduring shift in global energy flows. West Africa is increasingly positioned to play a strategic role in meeting international demand, reshaping the dynamics of the aviation fuel sector on a global scale.

StandardAero Appoints Giovanni Spitale as President of Business Aviation StandardAero has announced the appointment of Giovanni Spitale as President of its Business Aviation division, effective immediately. Spitale succeeds Anthony (Tony) Brancato III, who is retiring after nearly a decade of leadership at StandardAero and over 40 years in the aviation industry. This leadership transition marks a significant moment for the company as it seeks to navigate a rapidly evolving business aviation landscape. Leadership Experience and Strategic Vision Giovanni Spitale brings more than 30 years of extensive experience spanning engineering, operations, and global leadership roles. He will be responsible for overseeing strategic growth initiatives, operational performance, and customer support within StandardAero’s Business Aviation segment. Based at the company’s headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona, Spitale will report directly to Chief Operating Officer Kim Ernzen. Prior to joining StandardAero, Spitale served as Chief Executive Officer of Davis-Standard, LLC, a private equity-backed enterprise generating approximately $1 billion in revenue. During his tenure, he successfully drove both organic growth and mergers and acquisitions. His career also includes senior executive positions at Boeing, as well as leadership roles at Milacron Holdings Corp., GE Aviation, Moog, and Honeywell International, with a particular focus on business aviation programs. Industry Context and Challenges Spitale’s appointment comes at a critical juncture for StandardAero amid intensifying competition within the business aviation sector. Industry observers have expressed concerns regarding the growing influence of private equity capital, which they argue may pose challenges to long-term stability and innovation. StandardAero’s recent strategic moves, including partnerships and acquisitions in avionics and maintenance services, have attracted considerable market attention as the company seeks to solidify its position. Competitors are also adapting to the shifting environment. Notably, Innovative Aerosystems’ acquisition of the S-TEC 3100 autopilot line exemplifies a broader industry trend toward leveraging advanced avionics and flight control technologies to enhance market share and technological leadership. Under Spitale’s leadership, StandardAero will be closely watched for its strategic decisions and ability to deliver sustained value amid these dynamic market forces. With this leadership change, StandardAero aims to reinforce its standing in the business aviation sector while addressing the opportunities and challenges presented by evolving industry dynamics and heightened competition.

BEB Case Against Former UIA Officials Over Lease Taxation Relies on Flawed Interpretation of International Law Ukrainian airlines, already burdened by the operational challenges posed by the ongoing conflict, are now confronting increasing legal and fiscal pressures domestically. A notable instance is the criminal investigation targeting former executives of PJSC "Ukraine International Airlines" (UIA), who stand accused of evading taxes related to aircraft leasing agreements. According to Oleg Ishchenko, legal counsel for former UIA president Yevhen Dykhne, the Bureau of Economic Security (BEB) is advancing charges grounded in a legally unsound interpretation of both international law and the Ukrainian Tax Code. Disputed Taxation on Aircraft Leasing The BEB’s investigation centers on lease agreements involving Boeing 737 and Embraer aircraft. Between 2017 and 2022, UIA made lease payments exceeding UAH 3.4 billion to a Cypriot company that owns the aircraft. Invoking the 2013 Convention between Ukraine and Cyprus, which aims to prevent double taxation, UIA’s former management applied a 0% repatriation tax rate on these payments. However, BEB challenges this application, arguing that the preferential tax rate was improperly used. The agency contends that the terms of the lease agreements and the actual utilization of the aircraft do not justify the exemption, asserting that UIA should have remitted a 10% tax to the Ukrainian budget despite taxes already paid in Cyprus. Initially, the investigation involved seven aircraft, but only two remain central to the case, with no clear explanation provided for the narrowing of focus. Legal and Market Implications The case fundamentally depends on BEB’s interpretation of international tax law, a position that legal experts have criticized as flawed. Ishchenko emphasizes that, irrespective of other legal complexities, Dykhne should not bear personal responsibility for tax compliance, as UIA’s corporate governance explicitly delegated financial policy and tax obligations to the financial director. He stated, “The head of the company, in this case Dykhne, should not bear any responsibility for paying these taxes, even if they existed,” underscoring the clear division of duties outlined in the company charter. This reliance on an erroneous legal framework not only weakens the prosecution’s case against the former UIA officials but also risks creating broader market uncertainty. Competitors and industry observers are likely to scrutinize the BEB’s methodology, potentially leading to legal challenges or calls for policy reform in response to what is perceived as regulatory overreach. Potential Precedent for Future Disputes The resolution of this case carries significant implications for the authority of the BEB in future international tax disputes. Should the agency’s interpretation prevail, it may encourage further prosecutions based on similarly contested legal grounds. Conversely, a dismissal or acquittal could compel a reassessment of BEB’s approach to international taxation, with consequential effects on Ukraine’s investment climate and its compliance with international agreements. In essence, the BEB’s case against former UIA officials raises critical questions regarding individual accountability and the interpretation of international law, while also highlighting the potential for substantial repercussions within Ukraine’s aviation sector and regulatory framework.

FTE Appoints Max Gosney as Managing Director, Emphasizes Commitment to Innovation Future Travel Experience (FTE) has announced the appointment of Max Gosney as its new Managing Director, marking a significant leadership transition as founder Daniel Coleman steps back from daily operations. Gosney assumes leadership during FTE’s 20th anniversary year, a milestone that underscores the organization’s ongoing commitment to driving innovation within the air transport industry. Leadership Background and Vision Max Gosney brings extensive experience from the aviation media and events sector, having begun his career in journalism and magazine editing before transitioning into event management. He has been instrumental in launching think tanks, awards, and conferences designed to engage industry stakeholders. During his tenure at Ground Handling International (GHI), Gosney expanded the company’s premium networking services and customer offerings. Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, he successfully guided GHI through a period of recovery, culminating in record-breaking events such as GSE Expo Europe. Reflecting on his career, Gosney attributes his passion for aviation to early formative experiences and the influence of mentors and colleagues. He emphasizes a customer-centric approach, stating, “We built the events through a focus on delivering premium networking services and outstanding customer service. COVID smashed everything down, so we doubled down and built it back up all over again.” At FTE, Gosney aims to build upon the organization’s established foundations while adapting to the rapidly evolving demands of the aviation sector. His strategic priorities include enhancing customer value, fostering deeper industry collaboration, and preserving FTE’s reputation as a platform for meaningful dialogue and innovation. Challenges and Industry Context Gosney’s appointment arrives amid both opportunities and challenges for FTE. The organization faces the dual imperative of maintaining market competitiveness while advancing innovation. This requires navigating complex regulatory frameworks and managing potential internal resistance to new strategic initiatives. Industry observers are closely monitoring how Gosney’s leadership will influence FTE’s future direction, particularly regarding its ability to deliver value to airlines, airports, and partners worldwide. Competitors are expected to respond by intensifying their own innovation efforts or adjusting strategies to remain competitive in a transforming aviation landscape. Against this backdrop, Gosney’s vision for FTE is to ensure the organization remains at the forefront of shaping the future of air transport. Expressing enthusiasm for his new role, Gosney remarked, “I’m excited to work with the talented team at FTE and our customers to achieve great things. This is a much-loved brand dealing with fascinating subject matter that will transform the way we move around the world. I’m committed to ensuring FTE continues to play a meaningful role in that journey.”

ACC Aviation Successfully Remarkets Six CF34-8C Engines Amid Market Challenges ACC Aviation has completed the remarketing of six CF34-8C engines and their associated Life-Limited Parts (LLPs) on behalf of OÜ Transpordi Varahaldus (TVH), Estonia’s state-owned transport asset management company. These assets were repossessed from the former operator Xfly, and ACC Aviation was entrusted with monetising the portfolio under stringent deadlines and complex recovery conditions. Navigating a Competitive and Complex Market The remarketing took place within a highly competitive used aircraft engine market, characterized by intense rivalry and fluctuating prices. Industry players such as AerSale have highlighted the hypercompetitive nature of the feedstock environment, where demand consistently outpaces supply. This scarcity has increased pressure on remarketing firms to differentiate their offerings and pricing strategies to secure transactions. ACC Aviation faced these challenges head-on, contending with difficulties in sourcing quality feedstock while maintaining market share amid evolving competitive dynamics. To address these challenges, ACC Aviation implemented a data-driven pricing strategy based on a current market value (CMV) analysis. The company initiated a targeted request-for-proposal (RFP) process, engaging a select group of qualified buyers. This methodical approach allowed ACC Aviation to oversee the entire transaction lifecycle—from initial market engagement and commercial negotiations to technical acceptance and final delivery—ensuring a structured and efficient process despite the market complexities. Successful Placement and Market Implications The campaign culminated in the full placement of all six engines, underscoring both the robust demand for such assets and ACC Aviation’s effective execution. Regional One acquired two engines along with their LLPs, while KP Aviation secured the remaining four. This successful transaction not only demonstrates ACC Aviation’s capability to manage complex, multi-stakeholder asset recovery and remarketing mandates but also highlights its role in supporting institutional and government-backed entities in maximising asset value under time-sensitive and constrained conditions. The outcome reflects broader trends within the used engine market, where strong demand persists amid fierce competition for available assets. ACC Aviation’s results exemplify how strategic, data-led approaches can generate value and navigate the evolving supply and demand dynamics that define the current marketplace.

SolitAir Secures Approval to Operate Cargo Flights into the European Union Dubai-based cargo airline SolitAir has achieved a significant milestone in its international expansion by obtaining authorisation to operate cargo and mail services into the European Union (EU). On 31 March, the airline announced that it had been designated as an ACC3 carrier by the Belgium Civil Aviation Authority, with the status effective from 19 March. This designation permits SolitAir to transport cargo and mail into the EU from third-country airports, marking a crucial step in broadening its operational footprint. ACC3 Designation and Its Implications The ACC3 status is a mandatory certification for non-EU airlines wishing to carry cargo or mail into the EU. To qualify, carriers must undergo a rigorous EU Aviation Security Validation conducted by an accredited Independent Validator. This process ensures compliance with stringent security protocols and supply chain standards. Once granted, the ACC3 designation is valid for up to five years and requires that all cargo and mail entering the EU either be physically screened to EU standards or originate from a validated secure supply chain. SolitAir highlighted that this approval underscores its dedication to compliance, security, and maintaining the integrity of its supply chain. The airline described the achievement as more than a milestone, framing it as a clear indication of its strategic direction. It also expressed appreciation to the Belgium Civil Aviation Authority for facilitating the recognition. Strategic Expansion and Market Challenges Since receiving its Air Operator Certificate (AOC) from the United Arab Emirates’ General Civil Aviation Authority in March of the previous year, SolitAir has concentrated its operations on the Middle East and Asia, with ambitions to extend services into Africa. The recent EU approval now enables the airline to enter European markets, expanding its global reach. SolitAir’s entry into the EU cargo sector occurs within a highly competitive and tightly regulated environment. The airline’s presence is expected to intensify competition among established European carriers, potentially prompting adjustments in pricing and operational strategies. Industry analysts anticipate that incumbent airlines may respond by expanding their international routes or forging strategic partnerships to safeguard their market positions. In addition to competitive pressures, SolitAir will face increased regulatory scrutiny. EU authorities are likely to reassess safety and environmental standards for new entrants, requiring the airline to maintain strict compliance with evolving regulations. Navigating these challenges will be critical as SolitAir establishes its operations within the European air cargo market. As SolitAir commences its EU operations, its progress will be closely monitored by competitors and regulators alike, with the potential to influence the dynamics of the region’s air cargo industry.

Inside the Project Training ChatGPT on Agriculture and Nursing OpenAI is expanding the capabilities of its AI system, ChatGPT, beyond its well-known strengths in coding and tutoring to encompass highly specialized fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry, nursing, music composition, and commercial aviation. Newly obtained documents reveal that contractors are being compensated at rates of at least $50 per hour to assist in training ChatGPT to grasp the complexities inherent in these professions. The Scope and Structure of Project Stagecraft The initiative, internally designated as Project Stagecraft, is managed by Handshake AI, a San Francisco-based data-labeling startup. The project engages between 3,000 and 4,000 freelancers drawn from diverse professional backgrounds. These contractors are responsible for developing detailed personas and crafting realistic, occupation-specific tasks that mirror the daily responsibilities encountered in their respective fields. Business Insider reviewed extensive instructional materials provided to these workers, underscoring the methodical approach taken to enhance the AI’s domain-specific knowledge. Originally launched as a job platform for young professionals, Handshake AI has transformed into a significant entity within the data-labeling sector. The company employs thousands of contractors worldwide to curate, rank, and refine AI-generated responses for leading technology firms. This behind-the-scenes labor is essential for advancing a range of technologies, from autonomous vehicles to sophisticated chatbots developed by OpenAI and Meta. As artificial intelligence systems grow increasingly advanced, the data-labeling industry has evolved from generalist tasks to highly specialized assignments that often demand professional expertise or advanced academic qualifications. Handshake AI’s website advertises that expert contractors can earn up to $500 per hour for certain roles, although these high-paying positions are not always explicitly linked to OpenAI projects. Challenges and Controversies Surrounding AI Training A training manual for Project Stagecraft highlights a focus on “knowledge work, not manual labor,” aiming to map economically significant tasks and assess the AI’s proficiency across specialized domains. The project’s extensive scope includes professions such as soil scientists, sculptors, commercial pilots, pharmacists, emergency medicine physicians, and agricultural managers. Despite its ambitions, the project has sparked concerns among some contractors who fear that their efforts may ultimately facilitate AI systems capable of replacing human workers. One freelancer from a niche field candidly remarked, “We all were aware that we were basically training AI to replace us.” This apprehension resonates strongly in sectors like agriculture and nursing, where workers are increasingly anxious about the potential long-term consequences of AI-driven automation. The broader market has responded with heightened scrutiny and calls for regulatory measures to mitigate the risk of widespread job displacement. Competitors in the AI space are also accelerating the development of specialized models to safeguard their positions in critical industries. In countries such as India, the integration of AI in agriculture faces additional challenges due to insufficient data infrastructure, despite a growing availability of relevant information. Neither OpenAI nor Handshake AI provided comments in response to inquiries. Meanwhile, a spreadsheet obtained by Business Insider revealed hundreds of occupations involved in the project, along with contractors’ personal details, underscoring both the scale and sensitivity of this data-labeling endeavor.

The Digital Transformation of Air Traffic Control As global aviation recovers from the pandemic, the complexity and volume of air traffic have increased dramatically. Passenger numbers are rising, new airlines are entering the market, and airspace now accommodates a diverse range of vehicles, including commercial jets, business aircraft, drones, air taxis, and even space launches. This rapid expansion presents both significant opportunities and formidable challenges for air traffic management (ATM). Simon Hocquard, President and CEO of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), stresses that while the traditional foundations of ATM remain strong, they must evolve to address the demands of this new era. The solution lies in digitalisation and automation—technologies that have transitioned from futuristic concepts to essential, proven tools for managing airspace safely, efficiently, and sustainably. Digitalisation as a Catalyst for Change Digitalisation is driving unprecedented levels of automation and enhancing system performance across ATM operations. Cloud-based data services, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and advanced automation technologies are being integrated into ATM systems worldwide. These innovations enable adaptive intelligence, predictive analytics, and operational efficiencies that are transforming airspace management. Automation has long been embedded in aviation, from early autopilot systems to modern radar and flight-data technologies. Today, automation contributes to improved safety, predictability, and capacity, while also supporting environmental goals through optimized flight paths and reduced delays. The aviation industry’s rigorous assurance processes—including requirements traceability, verification, and operational trials—ensure that new technologies are deployed safely and transparently, always maintaining defined human oversight. From Automation to Intelligent Systems The current transformation is marked by a shift from basic automation to intelligent, interconnected systems. Digitalisation facilitates seamless data exchange among platforms and stakeholders, while AI introduces adaptive decision-making capabilities. This integration provides unprecedented situational awareness and operational efficiency. AI applications are already enhancing traffic flow management by predicting weather impacts, detecting potential conflicts, and assisting with capacity balancing. Machine learning is being used to refine airspace design, optimize runway utilization, and identify trends that improve safety and resilience. In Europe, SESAR partners are developing AI-based decision support tools for controllers, while globally, air navigation service providers (ANSPs) are experimenting with digital twins—virtual replicas of airspace that enable real-time testing without risking live traffic. These advances, combined with interoperable data exchanges, are steering the industry toward a connected, service-oriented ATM network. Challenges and Industry Response Despite these advances, the digital transformation of air traffic control faces significant challenges. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) contends with high attrition rates among trainee controllers and ongoing capacity constraints, underscoring the need for substantial investment in radar modernization and controller training. Market scrutiny is intensifying regarding operational efficiency and the pace of technological adoption. Globally, industry players are responding through strategic partnerships and the deployment of advanced technologies. Companies such as Thales and Aireon are collaborating to improve air traffic flows in the Asia-Pacific region, while Collins, Indra, and Peraton are securing radar contracts and integrating next-generation air traffic control upgrades. The broader push for AI adoption across transportation agencies highlights the critical importance of securing funding and addressing cybersecurity risks as digital systems become increasingly integral to airspace management. Central to this transformation is CANSO’s Complete Air Traffic System (CATS) Global Council, which is guiding the industry toward a safer, more efficient, and digitally optimized future for managing the world’s skies.