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The Unique Design of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11’s Tail Engine

February 20, 2026By ePlane AI
The Unique Design of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11’s Tail Engine
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McDonnell Douglas MD-11
Tail Engine Design
Trijet Aircraft

The Unique Design of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11’s Tail Engine

When observing a trijet aircraft on the tarmac, the distinctive tail-mounted center engine invariably captures attention. The McDonnell Douglas MD-11’s tail engine is notable for its unconventional design compared to other trijets such as the Boeing 727 and Lockheed L-1011. While those aircraft employ a pronounced S-duct to channel air to an engine deeply embedded within the tail, the MD-11 adopts a more straightforward, direct-through configuration. The engine is affixed at the base of the vertical stabilizer, resulting in a simpler inlet and ducting system. This design reduces manufacturing complexity and enhances structural integrity in the tail section, setting the MD-11 apart from its contemporaries.

This engineering approach, inherited from the earlier DC-10, enabled McDonnell Douglas to maintain a clean widebody wing and underwing engine arrangement. However, it also introduced operational peculiarities, notably requiring maintenance personnel to access the tail engine by climbing into the tail structure—a less common practice among other trijet models.

The MD-11: A Brief Overview

Developed as a modernization of the DC-10, the MD-11 was designed to extend the commercial viability of the trijet configuration into the 21st century. It featured a stretched fuselage, aerodynamic refinements, and winglets, alongside a two-crew glass cockpit that reduced operating costs while enhancing range and performance. Classified as a medium-to-long range widebody, the MD-11 could accommodate up to 410 passengers in high-density layouts and found extensive use as a freighter.

Although its fuel efficiency was surpassed by newer widebody aircraft, the MD-11 remained valued by cargo operators for its reliability and substantial payload capacity, particularly given their typically lower utilization rates compared to passenger airlines. With a range exceeding 7,000 nautical miles and the ability to cruise at high-subsonic speeds, the MD-11 served global routes for decades. Its dependable performance earned it a loyal following among operators until production ceased following Boeing’s acquisition of McDonnell Douglas.

Design Challenges and the End of an Era

Despite its engineering merits, the MD-11’s tail engine design encountered significant challenges during its operational lifespan. A fatal crash in Louisville brought safety concerns to the forefront, triggering an investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board. The inquiry revealed cracks in components securing the engine to the wing, exposing a critical vulnerability in the aircraft’s design. In response, UPS elected to retire its entire MD-11 fleet, absorbing an after-tax charge of $137 million.

This incident highlighted the inherent risks associated with the MD-11’s distinctive tail engine configuration and hastened the aircraft’s withdrawal from commercial service. The retirement of the MD-11 from major airline fleets marked the close of the trijet era, concluding a significant chapter in the history of widebody aviation design.

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What 170 AI Job Listings Reveal About Who Is Actually Building in Travel

What 170 AI Job Listings Reveal About Who Is Actually Building in Travel

What 170 AI Job Listings Reveal About Who Is Actually Building in Travel In an effort to uncover the true state of artificial intelligence investment within the travel industry, an analysis was conducted on approximately 170 AI-related job postings from 13 major public travel companies. These companies span a broad spectrum of the sector, including online travel agencies (OTAs), hotels, airlines, and global distribution system (GDS) infrastructure providers. The postings, collected between January and April 2026, were meticulously coded by seniority, technical specificity, organizational placement, and compensation to provide a comprehensive view of where and how AI is being integrated. Technical Specificity as a Key Indicator Contrary to initial expectations that hiring volume would serve as the primary indicator of AI commitment, the analysis revealed that the level of technical specificity within job descriptions is a far more telling signal. Companies genuinely investing in AI articulate advanced skill requirements, emphasize real-world deployment, and highlight integration with core products. These detailed postings suggest a clear strategic direction and a commitment to embedding AI deeply within their operations. This distinction is particularly significant as the travel industry undergoes a critical transformation. The shift from generative AI, which focuses on content creation and recommendations, to agentic AI, capable of autonomously executing complex tasks such as booking and itinerary management, demands not only technical innovation but also substantial organizational and cultural change. Companies that articulate these complexities in their job listings demonstrate a readiness to tackle these challenges head-on. Industry Momentum and Consumer Hesitancy The enthusiasm among industry players is evident. Leading OTAs like Expedia and Booking.com are actively pursuing the integration of AI agents designed to streamline booking processes and enhance personalized recommendations. However, consumer adoption remains cautious. Recent data indicates that only 2% of U.S. consumers are willing to engage fully with autonomous AI booking agents, underscoring a significant gap between industry ambitions and traveler trust. Insights from the Job Market The job listings themselves mirror this dynamic. The most technically advanced roles are concentrated within companies making substantial bets on agentic AI, with positions emphasizing orchestration, workflow automation, and the integration of AI with legacy systems. These roles require candidates capable of navigating both the technical challenges and the organizational complexities inherent in such transformations. Conversely, companies with less detailed and more generic job postings appear to be in an exploratory phase, experimenting with AI technologies without committing to the profound changes necessary for comprehensive adoption. Conclusion For those seeking to understand which travel companies are genuinely building the future of AI, job descriptions offer an unvarnished glimpse into corporate strategy. Unlike press releases or product demonstrations, the language and technical demands embedded in these postings reveal the depth of commitment and the readiness to embrace AI-driven transformation within the travel sector.
The Impact of AI and IoT on Kuwait’s Aviation Sector

The Impact of AI and IoT on Kuwait’s Aviation Sector

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Vertical Aerospace Conducts Piloted Electric Air Taxi Transition Flight

Vertical Aerospace Conducts Piloted Electric Air Taxi Transition Flight

Vertical Aerospace Completes First Piloted Electric Air Taxi Transition Flight Vertical Aerospace has reached a significant milestone in the development of its electric air taxi by successfully conducting its first piloted “transition” flight on April 2 at Cotswold Airport in southwest England. Test pilot Paul Stone skillfully managed the full-scale demonstrator as it took off vertically, transitioned seamlessly into forward, wingborne flight, and landed conventionally on a runway. This flight demonstrated the aircraft’s critical capability to shift from vertical to forward flight, a key step toward achieving commercial viability. The company announced the accomplishment on April 6, describing it as “the most significant technical milestone in Vertical’s 10-year history” and marking the completion of the first half of a “two-way” transition sequence. The flight was conducted under the supervision of the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), representing a first for a piloted, full-scale electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft of this class in the United Kingdom. Industry Context and Competitive Landscape Vertical Aerospace’s progress comes amid intensifying competition within the eVTOL sector. While competitors such as Joby Aviation and Beta Technologies have also completed piloted transition flights, other developers including Archer Aviation, Eve Air Mobility, and Wisk Aero have yet to publicly demonstrate similar achievements with full-scale, piloted prototypes. The race to secure regulatory certifications and attract sufficient funding remains fierce, as companies compete for a foothold in the emerging electric air taxi market. The successful transition flight positions Vertical Aerospace on course to obtain certification for its production aircraft, known as Valo, by 2028. The company intends to pursue initial certifications from both the UK’s CAA and Europe’s European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Despite this progress, Vertical faces considerable challenges, including navigating complex regulatory frameworks, achieving market acceptance, and responding to competitive pressures. Notably, Eve Air Mobility has advanced its own flight testing program, while Archer Aviation recently filed a counterclaim against Joby Aviation, highlighting the high-stakes environment in which these companies operate. Vertical’s immediate objective is to complete a “two-way transition” flight, which involves taking off vertically, transitioning to forward flight, and then returning to hover for landing. The company emphasized that this flight demonstrated the aircraft’s ability to perform one of aviation’s most complex maneuvers: transferring lift from propellers to wings under real-world conditions at full scale. Financial Position and Market Outlook Financial stability remains a critical concern for Vertical Aerospace. As of late March, the company reported $58 million in cash and equivalents, sufficient to fund operations through the middle of the year. However, its outlook improved following a $50 million capital raise through a new share issue on March 30, with plans to secure an additional $30 million. Furthermore, Vertical disclosed a new financing agreement in principle that could provide up to $800 million in long-term funding. Market reactions to Vertical’s progress have been mixed, with investors closely monitoring the company’s ability to achieve further technical milestones and secure regulatory approval. Meanwhile, competitors are expected to intensify their efforts to obtain certifications and expand their presence in the rapidly evolving electric air taxi sector.
Boeing Surpasses Airbus in Deliveries Amid Ongoing Recovery Challenges

Boeing Surpasses Airbus in Deliveries Amid Ongoing Recovery Challenges

Boeing Surpasses Airbus in Deliveries Amid Ongoing Recovery Challenges In a notable development within the global aerospace industry, Boeing (NYSE:BA) has overtaken Airbus in aircraft deliveries, signaling a significant shift after years marked by production setbacks and regulatory obstacles. In February 2026, Boeing delivered 51 aircraft, its highest monthly total since 2018, surpassing Airbus and reaching a nine-year peak. This achievement comes despite persistent challenges, including ongoing quality concerns related to premium class seats on the 787 Dreamliner. Production Momentum and Strategic Wins The increase in deliveries reflects renewed momentum in Boeing’s production system, which has faced considerable difficulties in recent years. The company’s operational progress is further highlighted by key successes in its defense and space divisions. Boeing recently secured a PAC-3 missile seeker contract and played a pivotal role in the successful launch of the Artemis Space Launch System (SLS) core stage, underscoring its strategic importance in national security and space exploration efforts. Regulatory developments have also worked in Boeing’s favor. Authorities have approved higher takeoff weights for the 787 series, enhancing payload capacity and range options for airlines. This regulatory approval strengthens Boeing’s competitive position against long-haul rivals such as Airbus, as well as engine and systems partners including General Electric and Rolls Royce. Challenges and Market Implications Despite these positive indicators, Boeing’s outlook remains cautious due to several ongoing challenges. Recurring quality issues, delays in the certification of the 777X, rising fuel costs, and geopolitical tensions continue to exert pressure on both its commercial and defense operations. These factors affect production timelines, customer demand, and the pace at which order backlogs can be converted into deliveries and revenue. The recent shift in delivery figures may influence market sentiment in Boeing’s favor, while Airbus could face increased scrutiny over its own production delays. Industry analysts anticipate that Airbus will respond by intensifying efforts to improve delivery rates and resolve bottlenecks in order to reclaim market share. For investors, Boeing presents a complex profile. Operational gains, new defense contracts, and regulatory approvals may enhance the company’s competitiveness for future orders. However, unresolved quality concerns and certification delays pose risks that could impact program costs and delivery schedules. As airlines and governments continue to prioritize fleet renewal, national security, and space initiatives, Boeing’s performance remains a critical factor in the broader aviation sector. Assessing the interplay of these elements is essential for understanding Boeing’s long-term trajectory as it navigates both recovery opportunities and persistent challenges.
Solomon Airlines Suspends DHC-8-100 Operations for Maintenance

Solomon Airlines Suspends DHC-8-100 Operations for Maintenance

Solomon Airlines Temporarily Grounds DHC-8-100 for Scheduled Maintenance Solomon Airlines has announced a temporary suspension of operations for its sole DHC-8-100 turboprop aircraft, registered H4-SOL, to undergo a scheduled C-check maintenance starting April 11, 2026. In response, the airline will deploy its A320-200 aircraft on domestic routes between Honiara and Munda from April 13, 2026, aiming to alleviate service disruptions. While the airline will maintain its core domestic schedule using two DHC-6-300 aircraft, services to Arona and Lomlom will be suspended during the maintenance period. Operational Context and Challenges The DHC-8-100, a 34.7-year-old aircraft configured with 37 all-economy seats, has been a critical component of Solomon Airlines’ domestic fleet since 2012. According to ch-aviation data, the aircraft experienced mechanical difficulties in September 2025, which limited its operations to Munda while awaiting replacement parts. This latest suspension underscores ongoing operational challenges faced by the airline, particularly the difficulty in sourcing alternative aircraft or establishing partnerships to sustain service continuity. These challenges are compounded by the broader context of global supply chain constraints and maintenance delays affecting the airline industry. Solomon Airlines must also contend with potential financial losses and operational disruptions resulting from the temporary suspension of certain routes. The situation reflects a wider industry trend, as evidenced by recent coordinated efforts from organizations such as IATA and IATP to address maintenance and supply chain issues. The recent grounding of Uganda Airlines’ A330neo fleet for unscheduled maintenance further highlights the pervasive nature of these challenges. Market Implications and Industry Response The suspension of the DHC-8-100 is likely to attract increased scrutiny from regulators and raise concerns among passengers regarding the reliability of Solomon Airlines’ services. Competitors may seek to exploit this opportunity by expanding their offerings or enhancing service options to affected travelers. To date, Solomon Airlines has not announced plans to lease additional aircraft or pursue new partnerships to cover the impacted routes. Industry observers and stakeholders will be closely monitoring the airline’s response to these operational hurdles, as maintenance and supply chain pressures continue to pose significant challenges for carriers worldwide.
American Airlines Flight Delayed by Bee Swarm on Engine

American Airlines Flight Delayed by Bee Swarm on Engine

American Airlines Flight Delayed by Bee Swarm on Engine Unusual Cause of Delay at Charlotte Douglas International Airport A routine departure from Charlotte Douglas International Airport was disrupted last week when an American Airlines flight bound for San Francisco was delayed due to an unexpected and highly unusual obstacle: a swarm of bees clustered around one of the aircraft’s engines. Passengers onboard witnessed airport crews working diligently to remove the insects, a process that extended the departure time by approximately one hour. Video footage captured by a passenger documented the efforts to ensure the plane was safe for flight before takeoff. Airline Response and Industry Implications The incident posed a unique challenge for American Airlines, which had to manage both the operational delay and the communication with concerned passengers. In an industry where transparency and timely information are increasingly demanded by travelers, the airline’s handling of the situation was closely observed. American Airlines has recently enhanced its communication strategies by providing detailed explanations for delays and cancellations through its digital platforms, aiming to maintain customer trust and satisfaction amid disruptions. Such unexpected delays can have broader repercussions beyond the immediate inconvenience. Market observers and travel agencies often scrutinize airlines’ reliability, and competitors may leverage these moments to emphasize their own punctuality records in an effort to attract disaffected customers. The bee swarm incident serves as a reminder of the unpredictable challenges that can affect air travel and highlights the critical role of clear and effective communication between airlines and their passengers. Despite the delay, the flight ultimately departed safely for San Francisco, concluding an unusual episode in the daily operations of a major carrier.
Bangladesh Expresses Interest in Leasing Boeing Aircraft

Bangladesh Expresses Interest in Leasing Boeing Aircraft

Bangladesh Explores Leasing Boeing Aircraft to Meet Growing Aviation Needs The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism of Bangladesh has formally expressed interest in leasing aircraft from Boeing as part of efforts to address the country’s expanding aviation demands. This development was revealed during a high-level meeting between Boeing Vice President Paul Righi and Civil Aviation and Tourism Minister Afroza Khanam, which was also attended by State Minister M Rasheduzzaman Millat. Focus on Narrow-Body Aircraft Leasing The discussions primarily revolved around the potential leasing of narrow-body aircraft, with particular emphasis on the Boeing 737 series, to support Bangladesh’s operational requirements. Minister Khanam highlighted the urgency of accelerating the leasing process, underscoring the government’s commitment to strengthening the national aviation infrastructure. Both parties examined various facets of potential agreements between Boeing and the interim government, signaling a mutual interest in advancing the negotiations. Challenges Amid Geopolitical and Market Pressures However, the path toward finalizing any leasing arrangement is complicated by several external factors. Bangladesh’s fleet modernization efforts coincide with heightened geopolitical tensions, notably the ongoing conflict involving Iran, which has disrupted global markets and affected the aerospace sector. These tensions have contributed to volatility in Boeing’s stock prices, which have already been impacted by production challenges, thereby injecting uncertainty into international aircraft leasing discussions. The competitive landscape further complicates the situation. Airbus, Boeing’s chief competitor, has been actively seeking to leverage Boeing’s recent difficulties to expand its market share in regions including South Asia. This rivalry may influence Bangladesh’s procurement decisions as the government evaluates offers from multiple manufacturers. Broader Implications for Aviation and Defense Beyond commercial aviation, the global surge in the C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) aircraft market highlights the increasing importance of advanced situational awareness capabilities. While current negotiations focus on commercial aircraft leasing, this trend may inform Bangladesh’s future military procurement strategies as the country aims to enhance both its civilian and defense aviation capacities. Despite these complexities, both the Bangladeshi government and Boeing remain optimistic about progressing with the leasing initiative. The Ministry’s interest in Boeing aircraft leasing reflects a strategic approach to meeting immediate operational needs while navigating a rapidly evolving and challenging global aviation environment.
EASA Warns of Potential Fraudulent Aircraft Engine Parts

EASA Warns of Potential Fraudulent Aircraft Engine Parts

EASA Issues Warning on Fraudulent Aircraft Engine Parts The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has raised concerns over the risk of counterfeit turbofan engine parts infiltrating the aviation supply chain through unauthorized third-party vendors. This alert follows a January 2026 incident involving the theft of a shipment containing engine components that had been previously declared non-airworthy. The stolen parts were diverted to an illicit destination, preventing the contracted provider from properly disposing of them in accordance with regulatory requirements. Details of the Theft and Risks to Aviation Safety The theft encompassed 12 containers carrying a total of 625 serialized engine parts, including several critical components subject to life limitations. Importantly, none of the stolen items are approved for installation or use on operational aircraft. EASA has urged maintenance organizations and aircraft operators to exercise heightened vigilance by carefully cross-referencing part and serial numbers when procuring new inventory. This measure aims to prevent the inadvertent acquisition and use of unapproved or counterfeit equipment, which could compromise aircraft safety. To mitigate the risks, EASA recommends rigorous incoming inspections of all parts potentially linked to the stolen shipment. Any parts confirmed to be fraudulent should be immediately removed from inventory and aircraft. Additionally, the agency advises prompt reporting of suspicious or unapproved components to the relevant Competent Authority. To support these efforts, EASA has circulated comprehensive lists detailing both serialized and non-serialized parts involved in the theft. Industry Implications and Ongoing Response The incident is anticipated to have significant repercussions across the aviation sector. Airlines and maintenance providers may encounter increased regulatory scrutiny and more stringent verification protocols for engine parts, potentially resulting in elevated operational costs and insurance premiums. The necessity for thorough inspections could also lead to maintenance delays, affecting overall operational efficiency. In response, industry stakeholders and competitors are expected to enhance supply chain controls and strengthen collaboration with regulatory bodies to prevent future occurrences of fraud. As investigations proceed, EASA underscores the critical importance of industry-wide vigilance to verify the authenticity and airworthiness of all aircraft components. This commitment is essential to maintaining operational integrity and ensuring passenger safety throughout the aviation ecosystem.
South Korea’s Busan Invests $145 Million in UAV Manufacturing Facility

South Korea’s Busan Invests $145 Million in UAV Manufacturing Facility

South Korea’s Busan Invests $145 Million in UAV Manufacturing Facility In a landmark development for South Korea’s aerospace sector, Korean Air and the Busan Metropolitan Government have formalized a $145 million agreement to establish a cutting-edge unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manufacturing facility. Announced in March 2026, this initiative represents a strategic effort to position Busan as a leading hub for advanced aviation and autonomous flight technologies within Northeast Asia. A Strategic Investment in Aerospace Innovation The investment, valued at approximately ₩200 billion, will support the construction of a 52,892-square-meter facility located within the Busan Tech Center complex. This new center is designed to focus on the production of UAVs, the development of artificial intelligence-powered flight systems, and the manufacture of aerospace components. Additionally, it will serve as a base for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services. Korean Air’s expansion into aerospace manufacturing and defense technologies signals a deliberate shift beyond its traditional airline operations, reflecting broader ambitions in the aerospace industry. The facility is expected to accelerate the integration of AI-driven aviation systems and autonomous flight capabilities, both of which are increasingly critical to the future of commercial air travel and defense applications. By fostering research and development in these domains, the project aims to enhance South Korea’s competitive standing in the rapidly evolving global UAV market. Opportunities and Challenges in a Competitive Sector While the Busan facility promises to generate high-skilled employment opportunities and attract further investment, it will enter a global defense market characterized by intense competition. The UAV sector is currently dominated by established international players, and South Korea faces significant technological challenges that will require sustained investment in research and development to overcome. This initiative is likely to draw interest from global defense contractors and technology firms, potentially leading to new collaborations or acquisitions as international stakeholders seek to leverage South Korean advancements. Competitors in the UAV industry may respond by increasing their own investments and forging new partnerships, underscoring the strategic importance of unmanned systems in contemporary defense strategies. As demand for UAVs and AI-enabled aviation technologies continues to grow, the Busan facility could become a critical node in integrating South Korea into the global aerospace supply chain, serving both civilian and military markets. Busan’s Vision for an Aerospace Cluster The UAV manufacturing project aligns with Busan’s broader ambition to develop a comprehensive aviation and aerospace industrial cluster. It complements other regional initiatives, such as the Gadeokdo New Airport aviation ecosystem plan, which seeks to transform the city into a strategic aviation hub for Northeast Asia. Local authorities view the facility as a catalyst for attracting high-value investments, fostering international partnerships, and advancing technological research that will contribute to South Korea’s long-term economic growth. The facility’s core functions will include the development and manufacturing of UAVs for commercial and military applications, the integration of advanced autonomous flight technologies powered by artificial intelligence, and the production and maintenance of aerospace components to support the wider aviation sector. As South Korea intensifies its focus on aerospace innovation, the Busan UAV manufacturing facility stands as a significant milestone in the country’s pursuit of technological leadership in aviation, while also highlighting the challenges inherent in competing on a global scale.
Shein Partners with DHL to Use Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Shein Partners with DHL to Use Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Shein Partners with DHL to Use Sustainable Aviation Fuel Shein, a digital-first retailer operating in over 150 markets worldwide, has announced a strategic partnership with DHL to incorporate sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) into its air cargo shipments. This collaboration forms part of Shein’s broader efforts to reduce the environmental impact of its global supply chain and respond to increasing consumer demand for sustainable business practices. Responding to Evolving Consumer Expectations Shein’s online-focused business model reflects significant shifts in consumer shopping behavior, with a growing emphasis on convenience, speed, and environmental responsibility. According to DHL’s 2025 E-Commerce Trends Report, half of consumers now make online purchases at least weekly, and 90% use smartphones for shopping. Expectations for free and rapid delivery remain high, with many shoppers willing to switch retailers if these standards are not met. Simultaneously, sustainability has become a critical factor influencing purchasing decisions. The report highlights that one in three consumers abandon transactions due to concerns over environmental impact, with younger generations, particularly Gen Z, demonstrating heightened sensitivity to corporate sustainability practices. For digital-only retailers like Shein, transparent reporting on environmental initiatives is increasingly vital to building consumer trust in the absence of physical retail outlets. Challenges and Industry Implications Shein’s adoption of sustainable aviation fuel through DHL’s GoGreen Plus program represents a significant step toward decarbonizing its logistics operations. However, the initiative faces notable challenges. The global supply of SAF remains constrained, partly due to shortages of essential feedstocks such as used cooking oil. This scarcity has driven up the cost of SAF, potentially increasing operational expenses for both Shein and DHL. Moreover, the partnership places Shein’s overall sustainability commitments under closer scrutiny from stakeholders and consumers, who are increasingly vigilant about the authenticity and measurable impact of corporate environmental efforts. The announcement is likely to influence competitors within the fast-fashion sector, prompting them to accelerate their own sustainability programs to remain competitive and meet evolving consumer expectations. As the industry grapples with the environmental consequences of its operations, the transparency and effectiveness of such initiatives will continue to be a focal point for public and market evaluation. By integrating sustainable aviation fuel into its logistics network, Shein aims to align with shifting market demands and demonstrate a tangible commitment to environmental responsibility. Nevertheless, the company—and the broader fashion industry—must navigate the complexities posed by limited sustainable fuel availability, rising costs, and the imperative for genuine progress in sustainability.
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