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Challenges in Aircraft Leasing in Trinidad and Tobago

Challenges in Aircraft Leasing in Trinidad and Tobago
Aircraft leasing in Trinidad and Tobago is characterized by a complex interplay of regulatory, financial, and operational challenges that can prove difficult even for seasoned entrepreneurs. Several years ago, a prominent local business owner embarked on establishing a new airline by incorporating a local company and applying to the Civil Aviation Authority for an Air Operator Certificate (AOC). This certification, mandatory for commercial air transport operations, involves a stringent five-phase process aligned with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards.
Regulatory and Technical Hurdles in Leasing Agreements
To assemble the airline’s fleet, the entrepreneur entered into a dry lease agreement with a U.S.-based leasing company for a used Airbus A321-131 jet. Dry leases require the lessee to provide crew, maintenance, and insurance, making them a common choice for airlines expanding into new markets or launching new routes. These agreements typically range from three to twelve years. However, midway through the certification process, the entrepreneur withdrew the AOC application and decided to return the aircraft. This action activated the lease’s “Return Conditions,” which mandated that the aircraft meet the U.S. 14 CFR Part 121 certification standards. Compliance required the aircraft to undergo all necessary modifications and inspections under a continuous airworthiness maintenance program (CAMP), including the FAA-mandated Supplemental Structural Inspection Programme (SSIP). By the time of return, the aircraft had reached maintenance thresholds necessitating costly compliance work. The lessee was compelled to liquidate substantial business and personal assets to satisfy these obligations, underscoring the critical importance of fully understanding the technical and regulatory requirements embedded in leasing contracts.
This case is not isolated. During aircraft acquisitions at BWIA, a Trinidad and Tobago airline, an acceptance inspection in Orlando, Florida, revealed that a leased MD83 twinjet had an engine barely meeting performance standards and exhibited minor structural defects. The airline’s refusal to accept the aircraft until the lessor addressed these issues resulted in a week-long standoff, highlighting the necessity of thorough pre-delivery inspections and clearly defined contractual terms to avoid operational disruptions.
Broader Market and Operational Challenges
Beyond individual leasing difficulties, broader regional and global factors further complicate aircraft leasing in Trinidad and Tobago. Persistent uncertainty across Latin America and the Caribbean affects airline operations and profitability, complicating strategic planning for local carriers. Additionally, airline executives face prolonged waiting periods for new aircraft deliveries, limiting their ability to adapt swiftly to evolving market demands.
Operational challenges extend into the private aviation sector, where anticipated changes in taxation—expected to impact charter services by 2026—pose additional pressures on operators. Although the U.S. charter market is projected to grow, industry participants must remain agile and cost-conscious amid shifting regulatory and economic conditions.
Moreover, the aviation industry remains vulnerable to potential volatility in the U.S. stock market, influenced by internal divisions within the Federal Reserve and elevated market valuations. Such economic fluctuations could have significant ripple effects on financing and investment within the aviation sector, both regionally and globally.
In this complex environment, a comprehensive understanding of aircraft leasing agreements, regulatory frameworks, and broader market dynamics is indispensable for aviation stakeholders in Trinidad and Tobago seeking to navigate the sector’s multifaceted challenges.

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